Table 1.
The main preclinical feasibility studies investigating the potential breakthroughs of NIR-PIT for the treatment of solid tumors.
| Cancer type | Antigen targeted | Conjugated | Cell lines used in in vivo experiments | Mice models | Amount of conjugated injected | NIR light dose and timing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urological tumors | |||||||
| (Railkar et al., 2017) | Bladder cancer | EGFR | Anti-EGFR moAb (Panitumumab) | UMUC-5; UMUC-3 | Athymic Nu/Nu mice | 120 ug once (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) + 50 J/cm2 (day 2) |
| (Kiss et al., 2019) | Bladder cancer | CD47 | B6H12 | 639 V | Immuno-compromised NSG (Nod.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm 1Wj1/SzJ) mice | 200 ug once (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) + 50 J/cm2 (day 2); |
| 200 ug weekly for 5 weeks (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) + 50 J/cm2 (day 2) (at week 1), 100 J/cm2 (day 1) only (for week 2–5) | ||||||
| (Nagaya et al., 2017b) | Prostate cancer | PMSA | Anti-PMSA moAb | PC3 | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg weekly for 3 weeks (sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) (for 3 weeks) |
| Gastrointestinal tumors | |||||||
| (Maawy et al., 2015) | Pancreatic cancer | CEA | Anti-CEA moAb | BxPC-3 | Athymic nu/nu nude mice | 100μ g (orthotopic model) | 270 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| (Hanaoka et al., 2015) | Liver cancer | GPC3 | YP7; HN3 | A431/G1 | Athymic nude mice | 68.5 μ g (HN3) (sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) + 100 J/cm2 (day 3) |
| 100 μg (YP7) (sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) + 100 J/cm2 (day 3) | ||||||
| Sato et al., 2014 | Gastric peritoneal carcinomatosis | HER2 | Anti-HER2 moAb (Trastuzumab) | N87 | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg weekly for 3 weeks (sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) (for 3 weeks) |
| 100 μg (orthotopic model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) | ||||||
| (Wei et al., 2020) | Colorectal Tumors | GPA33 | A33scFv antibody | LS174 T, COLO205 | BALB/C nu/nu mice | 100 μg | 120 J/cm2 (hour 4) |
| Lung tumors | |||||||
| (Sato et al., 2015a) | Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma | HER2 | Anti-HER2 moAb (Trastuzumab) | Calu3 | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg (sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) |
| 100 μg (orthotopic model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) | ||||||
| (Nagaya et al., 2017c) | Papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung | PD-L1 | Anti-PD-L1 moAb (Avelumab) | H441 | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg (sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) |
| (Nakamura et al., 2017) | Lung cancer expressing human EGFR | EGFR | Anti-EGFR moAb (Panitumumab) | Transgenic mouse model of spontaneous lung cancer expressing human EGFR | Double transgenic doxycycline inducible mice | 150 ug (orthotopic model) | 40 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| (Sato et al., 2015b) | Lung metastasis | HER2 | Anti-HER2 moAb (Trastuzumab) | 3T3/HER2 | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| 100 μg (orthotopic model, one shot regimen) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) | ||||||
| 100 μg every other day for 4 days (orthotopic model, four shot regiment) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) (following each moAb administration) | ||||||
| (Sato et al., 2015c) | Lung metastasis | HER2 | Anti-HER2 moAb (Trastuzumab) | 3T3/HER2 | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg (orthotopic model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| Head and neck tumors | |||||||
| (Nagaya et al., 2017d) | Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) | CD44 | Anti-CD44 | MOC1, MOC2-luc, MOC2-mKate2 | C57BL/6 mice | 100 μg (unilateral sc model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 0) + 100 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| 100 μg (bilateral sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 0) | ||||||
| Gynecological tumors | |||||||
| (Sato et al., 2015d) | Disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer | HER2 | Anti-HER2 moAb (Trastuzumab) | SKOV | Athymic nude mice | 100 μg (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| 100 μg (orthotopic model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) | ||||||
| (Nagaya et al., 2015) | Triple-negative breast cancer | EGFR | Anti-EGFR moAb (Cetuximab) | MDAMB231, MDAMB468 | Athymic nude mice | 300 μg (sc model, one shot regimen) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) |
| 100 μg + 50 μ g (the following day) every week for 2 weeks (sc model, two split regimen) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) (every week for 2 weeks) | ||||||
| 100 μg every week for 3 weeks (sc model, three split regimen) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 2) (every week for 3 weeks) | ||||||
| (Jin et al., 2016) | Triple-negative breast cancer | CD44 | Anti-CD44 moAb | MDA-MB-231, BT-474 | Athymic Balb/c (nu/nu) mice | 100 μg (sc model, one shot regimen) | 30 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| 300 μg (sc model, one shot regimen) | 30 J/cm2 (day 1) | ||||||
| 100 μg every week for 2 weeks (sc model, two shot model) | 30 J/cm2 (day 1) | ||||||
| (Yamaguchi et al., 2019) | Breast cancer | HER2 | HER2 Affibody | SK-BR3, BT474, MDA-MB361 | na | na | na |
| Brain tumors | |||||||
| (Jing et al., 2016) | Glioblastoma | AC133/CD133 | Anti-AC133 moAb | CD133-OE U251, NCH421k | Immunocompromised nude mice | 100 μg (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (day 1) |
| 100 μg (orthotopic model) | 50 J/cm2 (day 1) + 100 J/cm2 (day 3) | ||||||
| (Burley et al., 2018) | Glioblastoma | EGFR | Anti-EGFR affibody | U87-MGvIII | NCr athymic mice | 18 μg (sc model) | 100 J/cm2 (hour 1) |
Abbreviations. Sc: subcutaneous.