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. 2021 Feb 2;7(1):93–99.

Table 4. Pre-versus post-test: correct responses – All participants (%).

Pre Post P value
When intubating an infant, a rolled blanket should be placed under the occiput to help with aligning the oral, pharyngeal and tracheal axis, for an optimal position. (False) 63.4 73.2 0.366
Compared to the adult larynx, the infant larynx is more anterior. (True) 90.0 100.0 0.046
Edema and swelling in croup is restricted to the oropharynx. (False) 100.0 95.1 0.157
In a child, laryngospasm will only partially obstruct the airway. (False) 95.0 97.6 0.564
A nasal pharyngeal airway (NPA) can bypass tongue swelling to improve ventilation in a child. (True) 90.0 97.6 0.083
For a child with a partially obstructed airway, an oral airway adjunct is an appropriate initial choice when the child is awake. (False) 90.0 97.6 0.180
In a partial airway obstruction of a child, intubation should be performed immediately. (False) 85.0 95.1 0.157
Children presenting with anaphylaxis typically will have a rash. (True) 35.0 92.7 0.000
In anaphylaxis the first line of treatment is oxygen and epinephrine. (True) 95.0 100.0 0.317
In anaphylaxis, once epinephrine has been given, a second dose should not be given. (False) 97.5 100.0 0.317
H2 blockers such as ranitidine can be used in the management of anaphylaxis. (True) 85.0 92.7 0.317
You are presented with a toddler who has possibly aspirated a foreign body. The presence of coughing and crying is suggestive of a complete airway obstruction. (False) 100.0 100.0 1.00
The Heimlich maneuver is appropriate to use once children are over 1 year of age. (True) 35.0 92.7 0.000
To remove a foreign body which is visible above the vocal cords, the McGill forceps should be inserted into the mouth in the open position. (False) 52.5 80.5 0.001
The incidence of foreign body aspiration is highest in infants under 1 year. (False) 85.0 87.8 0.480
Following a house fire, smoke inhalation often causes anaphylaxis. (False) 90.0 90.2 1.00
A child with airway burns may present with stridor or wheezing or both. (True) 100.0 100.0 1.00
Early intubation is the treatment for a child with airway burns and signs of airway edema. (True) 97.6 100.0 0.317
Following trauma, cervical spine precautions do not need to be taken in children during intubation. (False) 100.0 95.1 0.157