Table 1.
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients at admission who did or did not develop ARDS
| Variable | ARDS (n = 64) | non-ARDS (n = 30) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.83 ± 10.93 | 59.8 ± 15.05 | 0.012 |
| Age (≥ 65 years) | 38 (59.4%) | 11 (36.7%) | 0.04 |
| Sex (male) | 31 (48.4%) | 16 (53.5%) | 0.658 |
| Current smoking | 6 (9.4%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.852 |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Hypertension | 32 (50%) | 11 (36.7%) | 0.226 |
| Diabetes | 10 (15.6%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.365 |
| Heart disease | 10 (15.6%) | 3 (10%) | 0.677 |
| Liver disease | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Kidney disease | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (9.4%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.536 |
| Malignancy | 4 (6.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.925 |
| Immunocompromised | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Ventilatory support | |||
| HFNC | 11 (17.5%) | 3 (10%) | 0.528 |
| NIV | 14 (22.2%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.31 |
| IV | 8 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.104 |
| Prior glucocorticoid treatment | 32 (50%) | 16 (53.3%) | 0.763 |
| Prior antibiotic treatment | 41 (64.1%) | 21 (70%) | 0.571 |
| Prior antiviral treatment | 42 (65.6%) | 20 (66.7%) | 0.921 |
| Days from onset to admission | 11.70 ± 7.68 | 12.77 ± 7.09 | 0.523 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 164.57 ± 75.41 | 267.13 ± 52.92 | < 0.001 |
| APACHE-II score | 13.14 ± 4.23 | 8.84 ± 1.41 | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score | 8.12 ± 2.59 | 5.88 ± 1.45 | 0.014 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, NIV non-invasive ventilation, IV invasive ventilation, APACHE-II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation-II, SOFA sepsis-related organ failure assessment