Table 4. Effects of vaping on birth outcomes and breastfeeding.
| Outcome | Not vaping (N = 4,322) | Vaping (N = 99) | Unadjusted | Adjusted for smoking pattern only | Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics only3 | Adjusted for smoking pattern and sociodemographic characteristics4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE)2 | Mean (SE)2 | Difference (95% CI)2 | p-value | Difference (95% CI)2 | p-value | Difference (95% CI)2 | p-value | Difference (95% CI)2 | p-value | |
| Birthweight5, grams | 3,365 (9.19) | 3,387 (55.21) | -39.7 (-130.3 to 51.0) | 0.391 | -29.8 (-124.6 to 64.9) | 0.537 | -41.7 (-132.6 to 49.2) | 0.368 | -31.7 (-125.8 to 62.5) | 0.509 |
| Gestational age, weeks | 39.2 (0.03) | 39.0 (0.23) | -0.21 (-0.58 to 0.17) | 0.287 | -0.18 (-0.57 to 0.22) | 0.378 | -0.19 (-0.57 to 0.19) | 0.326 | -0.18 (-0.58 to 0.21) | 0.357 |
| n1 (%2) | n1 (%2) | Risk ratio (95% CI)2 | p-value | Risk ratio (95% CI)2 | p-value | Risk ratio (95% CI)2 | p-value | Risk ratio (95% CI)2 | p-value | |
| Preterm birth | 303 (7.34) | 8 (9.37) | 1.28 (0.57 to 1.98) | 0.394 | 1.30 (0.54 to 2.05) | 0.390 | 1.25 (0.55 to 1.95) | 0.444 | 1.29 (0.54 to 2.04) | 0.403 |
| Initiation of breastfeeding | 3,847 (85.60) | 79 (75.12) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.97) | 0.001 | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08) | 0.379 | 1.00 (0.95 to 1.06) | 0.973 | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | 0.210 |
| Breastfeeding for at least 8 weeks | 2,848 (61.48) | 42 (41.36) | 0.67 (0.53 to 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.84 to 1.14) | 0.914 | 0.92 (0.79 to 1.05) | 0.201 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.17) | 0.571 |
1Unweighted
2Weighted
3Adjusting for age of woman, country of birth, education and IMD quintile
4Adjusting for smoking pattern in pregnancy, in addition to age of woman, country of birth, education and IMD quintile
5Gestational age-adjusted