Table 2. Quality assessment of studies included in the systematic review.

Studies Authors (year)	Quality items
	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.	# of “yes” Quality level
	Diagnosis and inclusion criteria mentioned	Exclusion criteria mentioned	Samples source mentioned	Groups come from same community	Groups are age matched	Groups are gender matched	Study controls for IQ	Measures of outcome clearly described	Adequacy of outcome analysis	Implications and limitations discussed
Alesi et al. (2019)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	8 High
Alloway (2007)	Yes	No	Yes	NA	NA	NA	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	8 High
Alloway (2011)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	8 High
Alloway & Archibald (2008)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	7 Medium
Alloway et al. (2009)	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6 Medium
Alloway & Temple (2007)	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 Medium
Asonitou & Koutsouki (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	9 High
Asonitou et al. (2012)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 High
Barray et al. (2008)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	8 High
Bernardi et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Bernardi et al. (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Biotteau et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 High
Blais et al. (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Chen et al. (2012)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
de Castelnau et al. (2007)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Dyck & Piek (2010)	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	5 Low
Gonzalez et al. (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Kaiser & Albaret (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	6 Medium
Kirby et al. (2010)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Leonard et al. (2015)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Mandich et al. (2002)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Mandich et al. (2003)	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Piek et al. (2007)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	6 Medium
Pratt et al. (2014)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 Medium
Querne et al. (2008)	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Rahimi-Golkhan-dan et al. (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 High
Ruddock et al. (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Ruddock et al. (2015)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Sartori et al. (2020)	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	7 Medium
Sumner et al. (2016)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 High
Thrornton et al. (2018)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	8 High
Toussaint-Thorin et al. (2013)	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	5 Low
Tsai et al. (2012)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	10 High
Tsai et al. (2010)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9 High
1Tsai et al. (2009)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	8 High
2Tsai et al. (2009)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9 High
Wang et al. (2015)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9 High
Williams et al. (2013)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 Medium
Wilson & Maruff (1999)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9 High
Wilson et al. (1997)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	9 High
Zhu et al. (2012)	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8 High

Note: NA = Non-applicable; was counted as “yes” to avoid penalizing studies for criteria that did not apply to them.