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. 2021 Jun 4;16(6):e0252405. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252405

Table 5. Direct effects of climate variables on Covid-19 fatalities.

Covid-19 fatalities
DFE MG DFE MG DFE MG DFE MG DFE MG
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
deathpop (t-1) 0.590*** 0.365*** 0.593*** 0.367*** 0.590*** 0.359*** 0.593*** 0.373*** 0.593*** 0.369***
[0.111] [0.0482] [0.111] [0.0484] [0.112] [0.0486] [0.111] [0.0480] [0.111] [0.0490]
deathpop (t-14) 0.155*** 0.107*** 0.154*** 0.102*** 0.152*** 0.0974*** 0.153*** 0.102*** 0.152*** 0.103***
[0.0468] [0.0254] [0.0477] [0.0253] [0.0460] [0.0254] [0.0468] [0.0251] [0.0463] [0.0251]
casepop (t-14) 0.00806** 0.0185*** 0.00857** 0.0187*** 0.00832** 0.0181*** 0.00865** 0.0185*** 0.00868** 0.0188***
[0.00327] [0.00409] [0.00341] [0.00421] [0.00331] [0.00405] [0.00344] [0.00417] [0.00344] [0.00417]
temperature (t-14) -0.0178*** -0.0167**
[0.00533] [0.00745]
solar radiation (t-14) -0.00296 0.00823
[0.00385] [0.00552]
humidity (t-14) -0.0143** -0.0195***
[0.00529] [0.00562]
precipitation (t-14) 0.000349 0.000249
[0.00274] [0.00386]
wind speed (t-14) -0.00305 -0.00377
[0.00285] [0.00903]
Trend Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Observations 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920 5,920
Country 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37
R-squared 0.563 0.562 0.563 0.562 0.562

Note: the coefficients displayed are marginal effects. Standard errors (robust to within-country correlations for DFE) are reported in brackets.

*** p < 0.01,

** p < 0.05,

* p < 0.1.