Table 5. Direct effects of climate variables on Covid-19 fatalities.
Covid-19 fatalities | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DFE | MG | DFE | MG | DFE | MG | DFE | MG | DFE | MG | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
deathpop (t-1) | 0.590*** | 0.365*** | 0.593*** | 0.367*** | 0.590*** | 0.359*** | 0.593*** | 0.373*** | 0.593*** | 0.369*** |
[0.111] | [0.0482] | [0.111] | [0.0484] | [0.112] | [0.0486] | [0.111] | [0.0480] | [0.111] | [0.0490] | |
deathpop (t-14) | 0.155*** | 0.107*** | 0.154*** | 0.102*** | 0.152*** | 0.0974*** | 0.153*** | 0.102*** | 0.152*** | 0.103*** |
[0.0468] | [0.0254] | [0.0477] | [0.0253] | [0.0460] | [0.0254] | [0.0468] | [0.0251] | [0.0463] | [0.0251] | |
casepop (t-14) | 0.00806** | 0.0185*** | 0.00857** | 0.0187*** | 0.00832** | 0.0181*** | 0.00865** | 0.0185*** | 0.00868** | 0.0188*** |
[0.00327] | [0.00409] | [0.00341] | [0.00421] | [0.00331] | [0.00405] | [0.00344] | [0.00417] | [0.00344] | [0.00417] | |
temperature (t-14) | -0.0178*** | -0.0167** | ||||||||
[0.00533] | [0.00745] | |||||||||
solar radiation (t-14) | -0.00296 | 0.00823 | ||||||||
[0.00385] | [0.00552] | |||||||||
humidity (t-14) | -0.0143** | -0.0195*** | ||||||||
[0.00529] | [0.00562] | |||||||||
precipitation (t-14) | 0.000349 | 0.000249 | ||||||||
[0.00274] | [0.00386] | |||||||||
wind speed (t-14) | -0.00305 | -0.00377 | ||||||||
[0.00285] | [0.00903] | |||||||||
Trend | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 | 5,920 |
Country | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
R-squared | 0.563 | 0.562 | 0.563 | 0.562 | 0.562 |
Note: the coefficients displayed are marginal effects. Standard errors (robust to within-country correlations for DFE) are reported in brackets.
*** p < 0.01,
** p < 0.05,
* p < 0.1.