Table 2.

Different terminologies associated with phenotypic AMR.

Term	Original definition		Redefinition
	Meaning (year)		Meaning (year)
Phenotypic resistance	Synonym for phenotypic AMR (1944)	(67)
Bacterial persistence/persisters	Consequence of phenotypic AMR (1944)	(67)	Slow killing of a subpopulation of bacteria in a larger population that is killed rapidly (2019)	(6)
Phenotypic tolerance	Synonym for phenotypic AMR (1986)	(72)	Genetically determined delay in onset of replication after transfer to a new culture medium (2014)	(64)
			Slower killing of an entire population for any reason (2019)	(6)
Type 1 persistence	Persistence displayed by bacterial cells that remain nonreplicating after transfer from the stationary growth phase (2004)	(10)	Triggered persistence: Persistence in response to a stress stimulus (2019)	(6)
Type 2 persistence	Persistence of a slow- growing subpopulation of bacteria whose slow growth is not attributable to having been in stationary growth phase (2004)	(10)	Spontaneous persistence (2019)	(6)
Class 1 phenotypic tolerance	Phenotypic AMR of a minority of bacterial cells in a replicating population (2012)	(9)
Class 2 phenotypic tolerance	Phenotypic AMR of most bacterial cells in a nonreplicating population (2012)	(9)
Responsive diversification	Phenotypic AMR in response to a stress stimulus (2014)	(8)
Stochastic switching	Phenotypic AMR manifest before a stress stimulus (2014)	(8)
Tolerance due to slow growth	Slow killing due to slow growth resulting from genetic impairment or stress, including exposure to antibiotics (2016)	(11)
Tolerance due to growth lag	Slow killing due to delayed onset of growth resulting from a change in culture conditions (2016)	(11)