(A) Forward versus side scatter plots displaying granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte populations in dairy calves’ peripheral leukocytes, (B) lymphocyte CD21+ populations (B-cells) on d 21 (left plot), and d 47 (right plot) in dairy calves, and (C) CD44 (bottom left plot) and CD62L (bottom right plot) mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes per treatment in dairy calves at 21 and 47 d of age. Dairy calves were exposed to heat stress (HS; n = 6) or heat stress abatement (CL; n = 6) across pre- and postnatal phases (late gestation and pre-weaning) for a total of 102 d. Blue color denotes CL treatment, and red denotes HS treatment. There was a treatment by day interaction for CD21+ B-cells (P = 0.02) but no interactions were found for the CD62L or CD44 expression of granulocytes, lymphocytes or monocytes (P > 0.07). Pound sign (#) indicate tendency (0.05 < P ≤ 0.10).