TABLE 2.
Subgroup characterization of newly diagnosed nonmetastatic (M0) castration‐naïve prostate cancer patients stratified by types of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)
| Characteristics | Frequency distribution, n (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostatectomy + ADT | Radiotherapy + ADT | ADT alone | ||||
|
J‐CaP (n = 627) |
M‐CaP (n = 23) |
J‐CaP (n = 4468) |
M‐CaP (n = 274) |
J‐CaP (n = 4402) |
M‐CaP (n = 120) |
|
| Age at diagnosis (y) | ||||||
| ≤64 | 132 (21.1) | 7 (30.4) | 554 (12.4) | 48 (17.5) | 157 (3.6) | 15 (12.5) |
| 65‐69 | 207 (33.0) | 7 (30.4) | 982 (22.0) | 98 (35.8) | 384 (8.7) | 18 (15.0) |
| 70‐74 | 184 (29.3) | 7 (30.4) | 1231 (27.6) | 80 (29.2) | 713 (16.2) | 37 (30.8) |
| 75‐79 | 95 (15.2) | 2 (8.7) | 1274 (28.5) | 44 (16.1) | 1215 (27.6) | 37 (30.8) |
| ≥80 | 9 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 427 (9.6) | 4 (1.5) | 1933 (43.9) | 13 (10.8) |
| PSA at diagnosis (ng/mL) | ||||||
| ≤10 | 250 (39.9) | 4 (17.4) | 2261 (50.6) | 48 (17.5) | 1539 (35.0) | 4 (3.3) |
| 10.01‐20.00 | 180 (28.7) | 3 (13.0) | 1242 (27.8) | 82 (29.9) | 1207 (27.4) | 14 (11.7) |
| 20.01‐50.00 | 136 (21.7) | 11 (47.8) | 628 (14.1) | 75 (27.4) | 855 (19.4) | 30 (25.0) |
| >50 | 61 (9.7) | 5 (21.7) | 337 (7.5) | 69 (25.2) | 801 (18.2) | 72 (60.0) |
| Gleason score | ||||||
| ≤6 | 43 (6.9) | 2 (8.7) | 313 (7.0) | 46 (16.8) | 465 (10.6) | 11 (9.2) |
| 7 | 197 (31.5) | 8 (34.8) | 2041 (45.7) | 112 (40.9) | 1583 (36.0) | 38 (31.9) |
| ≥8 | 386 (61.7) | 13 (56.5) | 2114 (47.3) | 116 (42.3) | 2350 (53.4) | 70 (58.8) |
| Unknown | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| Disease stage a | ||||||
| Low‐risk localized | 18 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 131 (3.0) | 1 (0.4) | 216 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Intermediate‐risk localized | 104 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1339 (30.2) | 26 (9.5) | 988 (22.7) | 2 (1.7) |
| High‐risk localized | 314 (50.6) | 4 (17.4) | 1810 (40.8) | 69 (25.2) | 1646 (37.9) | 50 (41.7) |
| Locally advanced | 185 (29.8) | 19 (82.6) | 1157 (26.1) | 178 (65.0) | 1494 (34.4) | 68 (56.7) |
| J‐CAPRA risk group | ||||||
| Low (0‐2) | 343 (55.4) | 2 (8.7) | 2978 (67.2) | 72 (27.1) | 2338 (54.1) | 7 (7.9) |
| Intermediate (3‐7) | 276 (44.6) | 21 (91.3) | 1442 (32.6) | 193 (72.6) | 1927 (44.6) | 72 (80.9) |
| High (≥8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 57 (1.3) | 10 (11.2) |
| Unknown | 8 | 0 | 38 | 8 | 80 | 31 |
| Comorbidity count | ||||||
| 0 | 228 (36.4) | 9 (39.1) | 1569 (35.1) | 58 (21.2) | 1497 (34.0) | 26 (21.7) |
| 1 | 212 (33.8) | 3 (13.0) | 1528 (34.2) | 67 (24.5) | 1444 (32.8) | 26 (21.7) |
| 2 | 138 (22.0) | 6 (26.1) | 935 (20.9) | 70 (25.5) | 869 (19.7) | 30 (25.0) |
| ≥3 | 49 (7.8) | 5 (21.7) | 436 (9.8) | 79 (28.8) | 592 (13.4) | 38 (31.7) |
Abbreviations: J‐CaP, Japan Prostate Cancer Study Group; J‐CAPRA, Japan Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment; M‐CaP, Malaysia Prostate Cancer Study Group; PSA, prostate‐specific antigen.
Disease stage was classified based on European Association of Urology 2020 guidelines. Low‐risk localized prostate cancer is defined as PSA < 10 ng/mL and Gleason score < 7 (International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade 1) and cT1‐2a. Intermediate‐risk localized prostate cancer is defined as PSA 10‐20 ng/mL or Gleason score 7 (ISUP grade 2/3) or cT2b. High‐risk localized prostate cancer is defined as PSA > 20 ng/mL or Gleason score > 7 (ISUP grade 4/5) or cT2c. Locally advanced prostate cancer is defined as cT3‐4 or cN+ with any PSA and Gleason score (any ISUP grade).