Table 4.
Short- or long-term complications after T-tube placement.
| Complication | Occurrence rate (%), N = 11 | Grade |
|---|---|---|
| Short term (<24 h) | ||
| Mediastinal emphysema | 1 (9.1) | 2 |
| Vocal cords edema | 5 (45.5) | 1 |
| Hemoptysis | 1 (9.1) | 1 |
| Bronchospasm | 2 (18.2) | 1 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (9.1) | 1 |
| Long-term (>24 h) | ||
| Sputum retention in T-tube | 1 (9.1) | — |
| Lower respiratory infection | 1 (9.1) | — |
| Granulation tissue hyperplasia on the edge of T-tube | 3 (27.3) | — |
| T-tube replacement | 3 (27.3) | — |
| Subcutaneous soft tissue infection | 2 (18.2) | — |