Table 1.
Unique features of the major 3D bioprinting technologies [73].
| Print methods | Bioinks | Resolution | Cell viability | Cell density | Print speed | Target tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laser-assisted Printing | Fibrinogen, collagen, GelMA | 1–50 μm | 97% | 108 cells/ml | 100–1600 mm/s | Skin, vesse |
| Inkjet Printing | Collagen, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), fibrinogen, alginate, GelMA | 50–500 μm | 85–98% | <5 × 106 cells/ml | 1000–5000 droplets/s | Skin, cartilage, bone, tumor, liver |
| Extrusion Printing | Gelatin, poly-caprolactone (PCL),polyethyleneglycol (PEG), alginate, hyaluronic acid (HA), polyamide(PA), polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) dECM, nanocellulose | >50 μm | 80–96% | Cell spheroid | 5–20 mm/s | Skin, cartilage, vessel, bone, muscle, tumor, heart |