. 2021 Feb 13;30(6):1653–1664. doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-02771-y

Table 4.

Difference in EQ-5D scores by sample characteristics (n = 602)

Characteristics	EQ-5D-3L	95% CI	P-value	EQ-VAS	95% CI	P-value
	Mean ± SD			Mean ± SD
Gender^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
Male	0.41 ± 0.44	0.37–0.45		68.90 ± 16.78	67.24–70.57
Female	0.29 ± 0.32	0.25–0.35		58.73 ± 15.99	56.43–61.02
Trans gender	0.81 ± 0.03	0.80–0.83		83.50 ± 4.89	81.20–85.79
Age^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
18–25 years	0.63 ± 0.32	0.58–0.68		78.40 ± 14.38	76.13–80.67
26–50 years	0.52 ± 0.33	0.48–0.56		67.61 ± 17.11	65.46–69.75
> 50 years	0.03 ± 0.32	−0.01–0.07		54.74 ± 11.06	53.19–56.29
Marital status^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
Single	0.57 ± 0.39	0.52–0.62		75.06 ± 14.81	73.19–76.93
Married/relationship	0.39 ± 0.35	0.33–0.44		64.30 ± 17.71	61.52–67.08
Divorced/separated	0.20 ± 0.38	0.14–0.26		59.14 ± 15.49	56.74–61.53
Widowed	0.19 ± 0.39	0.09–0.30		55.74 ± 14.74	51.71–59.76
Level of education^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
Illiterate	0.29 ± 0.51	0.21–0.36		62.25 ± 16.91	59.71–64.79
Primary	0.36 ± 0.33	0.32–0.40		61.89 ± 15.49	59.86–63.92
Secondary	0.39 ± 0.32	0.34–0.44		69.14 ± 13.44	67.07–71.22
Tertiary	0.48 ± 0.29	0.41–0.55		97.15 ± 4.59	95.59–98.61
Employment status^a			< 0.001			< 0.001
Employed	0.55 ± 0.37	0.49–0.59		72.34 ± 16.69	70.06–74.62
Non-employed	0.30 ± 0.41	0.26–0.34		62.92 ± 16.62	61.27–64.57
Since HIV diagnosed (years)^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
< 1	0.57 ± 0.39	0.52–0.62		74.47 ± 15.99	72.12–76.82
1–5	0.39 ± 0.35	0.33–0.43		62.91 ± 15.90	60.87–69.94
6–10	0.20 ± 0.38	0.14–0.26		58.25 ± 13.69	55.77–60.72
> 10	0.19 ± 0.39	0.08–0.31		69.84 ± 20.62	64.68–75.00
HIV serostatus^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
Asymptomatic	0.58 ± 0.37	0.53–0.62		74.75 ± 15.27	72.99–76.52
Symptomatic	0.26 ± 0.34	0.22–0.29		59.15 ± 15.02	57.41–60.87
AIDS converted	−0.38 ± 0.22	−0.48–0.28		45.10 ± 5.12	42.59–47.40
CD4 count^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
< 200	0.03 ± 0.30	−0.09–0.07		52.21 ± 9.83	50.80–53.61
200–500	0.34 ± 0.26	0.31–0.37		62.13 ± 12.06	60.58–63.69
> 500	0.83 ± 0.22	0.79–0.87		86.46 ± 8.25	85.23–87.68
Viral load^a			< 0.001			< 0.001
Detectable	0.22 ± 0.34	0.18–0.26		58.07 ± 12.77	56.60–59.54
Non-detectable	0.55 ± 0.41	0.50–0.59		73.79 ± 17.40	71.85–75.73
Time on ART^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
< 12 months	0.50 ± 0.35	0.45–0.55		72.97 ± 14.15	71.11–74.83
12–48 months	0.56 ± 0.32	0.51–0.62		66.64 ± 18.09	63.61–69.66
> 48 months	0.18 ± 0.41	0.13–0.23		59.49 ± 16.84	57.33–61.64
How you get infected with HIV?^b			< 0.001			< 0.001
No idea	0.12 ± 0.17	0.09–0.17		55.35 ± 16.49	51.15–59.55
Blood products	0.30 ± 0.46	0.21–0.39		69.01 ± 14.63	66.35–71.64
Injecting drugs	0.40 ± 0.41	0.3–0.44		66.45 ± 16.42	64.81–68.09
Sex with women	0.34 ± 0.31	0.26–0.43		57.40 ± 14.11	53.38–61.41
Sex with men	0.69 ± 0.32	0.58–0.81		68.18 ± 32.15	56.77–79.58

Bold values show a statistically significant difference

EQ EuroQoL, SD Standard deviation, CI Confidence interval

^aIndependent samples t-test

^bOne-Way ANOVA was applied to calculate p-value