FIGURE 3.

Effect of LPS and FnIII‐1c activation on the expression of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. MSCs were cultured under osteogenic medium with and without 1 µg/mL LPS or FnIII‐1c for 7, 14 and 21 d for all the experiments mentioned below. The mRNA levels of (A) Runt‐related transcription factor 2, (B) osteocalcin, and (C), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 were evaluated using real‐time PCR. (D) ALP activity measurement and (E) characterization of hMSCs were conducted using Alizarin red staining (scale bar = 200 mm), MSCs were cultured in DMEM medium in the control group (Con). Data are presented as mean ± SEM of ratios relative to β‐actin levels (n = 3). *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, ****P < .0001