Table 1.
Characteristics of hospitalized pediatric patients (n = 378).
| Overall (n = 378) | CKRT (n = 161) | Only HD# (n = 145) | PD (n = 72) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 0.3821 | ||||
| Boy | 209 (55.29) | 94 (58.39) | 80 (55.17) | 35(48.61) | |
| Girl | 169 (44.71) | 67 (41.61) | 65 (44.83) | 37 (51.39) | |
| Age at index hospitalization, year, n (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 87 (23.02) | 51 (31.68) | 3 (2.07) | 33 (45.83) | |
| 2 to < 3 | 17 (4.5) | 15 (9.32) | 2 (1.38) | 0 | |
| 3 to < 8 | 36 (9.52) | 24 (14.91) | 8 (5.52) | 4 (5.56) | |
| 8 to < 13 | 62 (16.4) | 29 (18.01) | 24 (16.55) | 9 (12.5) | |
| 13 to < 18 | 118 (31.22) | 28 (17.39) | 73 (50.34) | 17 (23.61) | |
| 18 to < 20 | 58 (15.34) | 14 (8.7) | 35 (24.14) | 9 (12.5) | |
| PMCA, CD condition, n (%) | 0.0483 | ||||
| Without CD | 209 (55.29) | 101 (62.73) | 66 (45.52) | 42 (58.33) | |
| Non-complex CD | 18 (4.76) | 6 (3.73) | 9 (6.21) | 3 (4.17) | |
| Complex CD | 151 (39.95) | 54 (33.54) | 70 (48.28) | 27 (37.5) | |
| PMCA, organ system, n (%) | |||||
| Cardiac | 64 (16.93) | 24 (14.91) | 27 (18.62) | 13 (18.06) | 0.661 |
| Dermatological | 1 (0.26) | 1 (0.62) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.5088 |
| Endocrinological | 12 (3.17) | 5 (3.11) | 5 (3.45) | 2 (2.78) | 0.9633 |
| Gastrointestinal | 29 (7.67) | 15 (9.32) | 12 (8.28) | 2 (2.78) | 0.2097 |
| Genetic | 7 (1.85) | 2 (1.24) | 3 (2.07) | 2 (2.78) | 0.7024 |
| Genitourinary | 14 (3.7) | 2 (1.24) | 7 (4.83) | 5 (6.94) | 0.0683 |
| Hematological | 39 (10.32) | 15 (9.32) | 19 (13.1) | 5 (6.94) | 0.3205 |
| Immunological | 30 (7.94) | 9 (5.59) | 17 (11.72) | 4 (5.56) | 0.0993 |
| Malignancy | 20 (5.29) | 16 (9.94) | 3 (2.07) | 1 (1.39) | 0.0023 |
| Mental health | 9 (2.38) | 4 (2.48) | 4 (2.76) | 1 (1.39) | 0.8182 |
| Metabolic | 23 (6.08) | 10 (6.21) | 9 (6.21) | 4 (5.56) | 0.9785 |
| Musculoskeletal | 10 (2.65) | 2 (1.24) | 6 (4.14) | 2 (2.78) | 0.288 |
| Neurological | 31 (8.2) | 14 (8.7) | 13 (8.97) | 4 (5.56) | 0.659 |
| Ophthalmological | 6 (1.59) | 2 (1.24) | 3 (2.07) | 1 (1.39) | 0.8369 |
| Otologic | 1 (0.26) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.69) | 0 | 0.4468 |
| Pulmonary/respiratory | 15 (3.97) | 10 (6.21) | 4 (2.76) | 1 (1.39) | 0.1395 |
| Renal disease | 81 (21.43) | 10 (6.21) | 50 (34.48) | 21 (29.17) | < .0001 |
| Progressive& | 139 (36.77) | 45 (27.95) | 68 (46.9) | 26 (36.11) | 0.0028 |
| Prior dialysis, n (%) | 22 (9.87) | 0 | 20 (18.35) | 2 (5.71) | 0.0001 |
CKRT continuous kidney replacement therapy, HD hemodialysis, PD peritoneal dialysis, PMCA pediatric medical complexity algorithm, CD chronic disease.
*P value indicates difference among three dialysis modality groups.
#Some children received more than one dialysis modalities in the index hospitalization. The CKRT group included some patients receiving CKRT + HD; The PD group included some patients receiving PD + HD.
$PMCA and prior dialysis were ascertained among patients with any visits in the study setting 365 days prior to the index hospitalization.
&A progressive condition associated with decreased life expectancy (e.g., muscular dystrophy), malignancy, or continuous technology dependence (e.g., dialysis or tracheostomy).