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. 2021 Jun 4;11:11885. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91371-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Native infectious SARS-CoV-2 virions imaged by AFM (a) Topographic image and 3D projection of native infectious SARS-CoV-2 virions adsorbed on a poly-l-lysine (PLL)-coated mica surface using quantitative imaging (QI) mode AFM in buffer. (b,c) Zoom-in view of SARS-CoV-2 virions adsorbed on poly-l-lysine-coated mica (b) or glass coverslips coated with an alkyl silane (c) (scale bars: 50 nm). In (c) height and stiffness images acquired in QI mode on individual virions are shown. (d) Example of a TEM image of fixed infected VeroE6 cells producing SARS-CoV-2 that can be seen as spherical particles studded with S trimers (see arrows). (e) Examples of topographical profile plots measured along the horizontal diameter of viral particles. (f) Virion diameter distribution of infectious SARS-CoV2 samples imaged by AFM in liquid (height profile, n = 190 objects) and compared to fixed samples imaged by TEM (n = 319 objects).