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. 2021 Jun 4;11:11885. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91371-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SARS-CoV-2 inactivation monitored by topographic imaging using QI mode AFM in buffer. (a) Native infectious, control SARS-CoV-2 sample kept for 30 min at room temperature. (b) Virus particles inactivated with 1% and 2% FA for 30 min at 20 °C, or incubated at 58 °C for 30 min. Scale bars are 50 nm. The color gradient for Z scale is the same for all AFM panels. (c) Topographical profile plots measured along the dotted lines in the lower panel in (a). (d) 3D projection of the particles in the lower panel (a). (e) Distribution of the topographical maximal height of treated and untreated SARS-CoV-2 particles (control n = 39; 1% FA n = 40; 2% FA n = 43; 58 °C n = 39). P values are indicated and were computed by using two-sided independent t tests and comparing the results to those for the untreated sample.