Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, and COVID-related factors associated with flare*
| Univariable model | Multivariable model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Age | 1.0 | 1.0–1.0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.0–1.0 | 0.1 |
| Sex (male vs female) | 0.23 | 0.10–0.54 | 0.001 | 0.15 | 0.042–0.55 | 0.004 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic vs Black | 1.6 | 0.95–2.7 | 0.08 | 1.4 | 0.68–2.8 | 0.3 |
| White vs Black | 1.1 | 0.41–2.9 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.59–8.2 | 0.2 |
| Other vs Black | 1.4 | 0.62–3.2 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.57–4.5 | 0.4 |
| Unknown vs Black | 1.2 | 0.55–2.7 | 0.6 | 0.78 | 0.26–2.4 | 0.7 |
| SES | 1.0 | 0.9–1.0 | 0.3 | 0.89 | 0.80–1.0 | 0.05 |
| Rheumatologic disease | ||||||
| RA vs SLE | 0.79 | 0.45–1.4 | 0.4 | 0.89 | 0.39–2.0 | 0.8 |
| Other vs SLE | 1.1 | 0.62–2.0 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.59–3.1 | 0.5 |
| COVID-positive | 2.2 | 0.89–5.6 | 0.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| COVID-hospitalized | 3.7 | 0.70–19 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.21–27 | 0.5 |
| High COVID distress | 2.4 | 1.4–4.2 | 0.002 | 2.4 | 1.2–4.6 | 0.01 |
| Medication access difficulty | 4.2 | 2.2–7.9 | <0.001 | 4.0 | 1.5–10.4 | 0.005 |
| Medication interruption | 2.3 | 1.3–4.3 | 0.007 | 1.1 | 0.39–2.9 | 0.9 |
*
Among n=357 with complete flare data.
High COVID distress was defined as scoring in the upper quartile of the COVID-related distress question. Medication access difficulty and medication interruption were defined as difficulty obtaining a prescribed medication and an interruption in prescribed medication therapy, respectively.