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. 2021 Jun 4;11:11839. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91214-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Network analysis revealed key modules and genes altered in HFrEF-diseased heart. (a) WGCNA analysis classified genes into 7 major modules. The heatmap shows the correlation score between each of the gene modules with the analyzed sample and clinical feature groups (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001). Comparison of over-representative (b) Reactome pathways and (c) cardiometabolic diseases associated MeSH terms among modules determined by WGCNA analysis. The size of the dot reflects the GeneRatio (the proportion of genes from list of interests that maps to the pathway) and the color of the dot indicates increasing significance of the enriched pathways from blue to red. Number of chamber enriched genes that overlap with the over-representative pathways are shown in parenthesis. Significantly enriched terms are presented in (b,c) and significance is indicated as p < 0.05. (d) Disease-associated hub genes (p < 0.05) with top connectivity are visualized by Cytoscape. Color of each node corresponds with the module color in (a).