Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population Overall and Stratified by Preimplantation eGFR ≥ 60 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2
| Variable | Overall (N = 131) | Pre-LVAD eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 59) | Pre-LVAD eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 72) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (n = 131)a | 60 (13) | 54 (14) | 65 (9) |
| Male sex (n = 131) | 109 (83%) | 47 (80%) | 62 (86%) |
| African American (n = 131) | 21 (16%) | 10 (17%) | 11 (15%) |
| Baseline weight, kg (n = 131) | 80.3 (18.8) | 81.2 (20.2) | 79.6 (17.7) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (n = 131) | 26.0 (4.9) | 26.4 (5.1) | 25.7 (4.9) |
| Bridge to transplant (n = 131)a | 56 (43%) | 32 (54%) | 24 (33%) |
| LVAD type (n = 131) | |||
| HeartWare | 35 (27%) | 16 (27%) | 19 (26%) |
| HeartMate II | 81 (62%) | 38 (64%) | 43 (60%) |
| HeartMate III | 15 (11%) | 5 (9%) | 10 (14%) |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 131) | 64 (49%) | 29 (49%) | 35 (49%) |
| Prior or current smoking (n = 130)a | 79 (61%) | 41 (71%) | 38 (53%) |
| Diabetes mellitus (n = 131)a | 53 (40%) | 15 (25%) | 38 (53%) |
| Atrial fibrillation (n = 130) | 74 (57%) | 30 (52%) | 44 (61%) |
| Chronic kidney disease (n = 131)a | 62 (47%) | 6 (10%) | 56 (78%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 130) | 26 (20%) | 16 (28%) | 10 (14%) |
| Peripheral arterial disease (n = 115) | 11 (10%) | 5 (9%) | 6 (10%) |
| Stroke (n = 113) | 15 (13%) | 6 (12%) | 9 (15%) |
| Prior cardiac surgery (n = 115) | 37 (32%) | 13 (25%) | 24 (39%) |
| INTERMACS 1-3 (n = 130) | 103 (79%) | 47 (81%) | 56 (78%) |
| Home inotropes (n = 114)a | 33 (29%) | 10 (19%) | 23 (38%) |
| Inotropes in hospital (n = 115) | 95 (83%) | 44 (83%) | 51 (82%) |
| MCS before LVAD (n = 131) | 26 (20%) | 14 (27%) | 12 (20%) |
| ACEi/ARB use (n = 115)a | 47 (41%) | 30 (57%) | 17 (27%) |
| β-Blocker use (n = 115) | 46 (40%) | 22 (42%) | 24 (39%) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use (n = 115) | 56 (49%) | 30 (57%) | 26 (42%) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy (n = 114) | 27 (24%) | 8 (15%) | 19 (31%) |
| Implantable cardiac defibrillator (n = 126)a | 113 (90%) | 46 (82%) | 67 (96%) |
| Creatinine (admission), mg/dL (n = 131)a | 1.58 (0.68) | 1.25 (0.46) | 1.86 (0.71) |
| Creatinine (pre-LVAD), mg/dL (n = 131)a | 1.47 (0.48) | 1.07 (0.20) | 1.79 (0.39) |
| eGFR (admission), mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 131)a | 54 (24) | 71 (23) | 41 (14) |
| eGFR (pre-LVAD), mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 131)a | 57 (23) | 78 (16) | 40 (10) |
| 24-h urinary creatinine, mg/d (n = 63) | 1,057 (375) | 1,098 (406) | 1,030 (357) |
| 24-h creatinine clearance, mL/min (n = 60)a | 49 [33-67] | 66 [50-96] | 38 [31-59] |
| Urinary blood (n = 131) | 20 (15%) | 8 (14%) | 12 (17%) |
| Urinary protein-creatinine ratio (n = 116) | 0.13 [0.06-0.32] | 0.14 [0.08-0.35] | 0.13 [0.00-0.32] |
| Serum urea nitrogen, mg/dL (n = 131)a | 30 [21-43] | 24 [16-31] | 39 [28-57] |
| Sodium, mmol/L (n = 131) | 134 (6) | 133 (6) | 135 (4) |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L (n = 131) | 26 (4) | 27 (4) | 26 (4) |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL (n = 111)a | 3,406 [1,094-8,799] | 2,693 [1,550-5,437] | 4,032 [2,595-11,511] |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL (n = 131) | 10.8 (2.0) | 10.8 (2.0) | 10.7 (2.0) |
| Hemoglobin A1c (n = 113)a | 6.4 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.0) | 6.6 (1.1) |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL (n = 131) | 0.9 [0.6-1.4] | 0.8 [0.6-1.4] | 0.9 [0.6-1.4] |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L (n = 116) | 23 [16-35] | 24 [16-35] | 22 [16-35] |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (n = 116) | 26 [20-38] | 24 [19-37] | 27 [21-41] |
| Ejection fraction (n = 130) | 19 (6) | 19 (7) | 20 (5) |
| Central venous pressure, mm Hg (n = 119) | 12 (6) | 12 (6) | 12 (6) |
| Wedge pressure, mm Hg (n = 116) | 25 (7) | 25 (7) | 25 (7) |
| Cardiac index, L/m2 (n = 112) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.6) |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, Woods units (n = 89) | 4.0 (2.6) | 4.4 (3.2) | 3.7 (2.1) |
| Central venous pressure/wedge, mean (SD) (n = 115) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.2) |
| Pulmonary artery pulse index (n = 118) | 3.1 (2.8) | 2.6 (1.6) | 3.4 (3.4) |
Note: Values expressed as mean (standard deviation), number (percent), or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; INTERMACS, Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
a
P < 0.05 comparing pre-LVAD eGFR >60 vs. <60 ml/min/m2.