Table 3.
Identification of the predictors for spontaneous closure of PFO or PDA at 6 and 12 months.
| Outcomes |
Spontaneous PFO closure at 6 months (n = 1190) |
Spontaneous PDA closure at 6 months (n = 197) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | cHR (95% CI) | P value | aHR (95% CI) | P value | cHR (95% CI) | P value | aHR (95% CI) | P value |
| Gender (male) | 0.79 (0.41–1.50) | 0.466 | 1.86 (0.30–11.37) | 0.503 | ||||
| Fetal age (week) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | 0.037 | 1.15 (1.01–1.30) | 0.031 | 0.94 (0.53–1.64) | 0.817 | ||
| ≥37 weeks | 1.73 (0.75–3.99) | 0.200 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Birth weight (kg) | 1.00 (1.00–1.001) | 0.393 | 1.00 (0.998–1.002) | 0.912 | ||||
| ≥2500 gm | 1.84 (0.80–4.25) | 0.153 | 3.85 (0.40–37.22) | 0.244 | ||||
| Maternal age (year) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 0.343 | 0.81 (0.67–0.999) | 0.050 | 0.81 (0.67–0.999) | 0.050 | ||
| ≥35 years | 0.68 (0.29–1.56) | 0.357 | 0.45 (0.05–4.24) | 0.487 | ||||
| cyanosis | 0.86 (0.20–3.66) | 0.836 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Cardiac murmur | – | 0.999 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Family history of CHD | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Prenatal cardiac anomalies | 0.08 (0.02–0.43) | 0.003 | 0.09 (0.02–0.19) | 0.004 | – | 1.000 | ||
| Neonatal extracardiac anomalies | – | – | – | 1.000 | ||||
| ASD at birth | – | 1.000 | 0.40 (0.07–2.45) | 0.323 | ||||
| <5 mm | – | 1.000 | 1.51 (0.17–13.82) | 0.715 | ||||
| VSD at birth | 0.35 (0.08–1.52) | 0.160 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Complex CHD at birth | 0.53 (0.01–0.23) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.01–0.19) | <0.001 | – | 0.999 | ||
| Outcomes |
Spontaneous PFO closure at 12 months (n = 1207) |
Spontaneous PDA closure at 12 months (n = 199) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | cHR (95% CI) | P value | aHR (95% CI) | P value | cHR (95% CI) | P value | aHR (95% CI) | P value |
| Gender (male) | 0.53 (0.16–1.72) | 0.287 | – | 0.996 | ||||
| Fetal age (week) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) | 0.251 | 0.99 (0.50–1.93) | 0.965 | ||||
| ≥37 weeks | 2.42 (0.66–8.91) | 0.183 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Birth weight (kg) | 1.00 (0.999–1.001) | 0.882 | 1.00 (0.997–1.002) | 0.701 | ||||
| ≥2500 gm | 1.55 (0.34–7.05) | 0.574 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Maternal age (year) | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) | 0.169 | 0.83 (0.65–1.08) | 0.162 | ||||
| ≥35 years | – | 0.996 | – | 0.998 | ||||
| cyanosis | 0.54 (0.07–4.23) | 0.558 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Cardiac murmur | – | 0.999 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Family history of CHD | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Prenatal cardiac anomalies | 0.02 (0.004–0.13) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.003–0.11) | <0.001 | – | 1.000 | ||
| Neonatal extracardiac anomalies | – | – | – | 1.000 | ||||
| ASD at birth | – | 1.000 | 0.30 (0.03–3.39) | 0.332 | ||||
| <5 mm | – | 1.000 | – | 0.997 | ||||
| VSD at birth | – | 0.998 | – | 0.999 | ||||
| Complex CHD at birth | 0.03 (0.005–0.15) | <0.001 | 0.02 (0.004–0.13) | <0.001 | – | 0.999 | ||
Abbreviations: PFO: patent foramen ovale; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; cHR: crude hazard ratio; aHR: adjusted hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; CHD: congenital heart disease; ASD: atrial septal defect; VSD: ventricular septal defect.