Table 3.
Standardized neuropsychological test scores (z-scores) for the three groups
| GRN-bvFTD (n = 18) | bvFTD (n = 18) | AD (n = 18) | P-value | Effect size (ŋ2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE | –4.72±1.96 | –4.61±1.38 | –4.43±1.70 | 0.729 | 0.002 |
| MoCA | –3.15±1.44 | –3.55±1.12 | –3.07±1.22 | 0.098 | 0.129 |
| MoCA (EF) | –0.60±0.87 | –0.47±0.92 | –0.35±1.05 | 0.327 | 0.089 |
| MoCA (MEM) | –0.15±0.87 | –0.14±0.86 | –0.33±1.09 | 0.700 | 0.059 |
| MoCA (LANG) | –0.28±1.10 | –0.18±0.88 | –0.32±1.13 | 0.117 | 0.17 |
| MoCA (VSP) | –0.25±0.81 | –0.20±1.11 | –0.28±1.05 | 0.068 | 0.333 |
| MoCA (AT) | 0.30±1.35 | 0.20±0.73 | 0.41±1.06 | 0.501 | 0.136 |
| MoCA (OR) | 0.24±1.20 | 0.41±0.43 | 0.18±1.16 | 0.087 | 0.349 |
| Cancellation task | –0.21±0.87 | –0.64±0.17 | –0.28±0.68 | 0.105 | 0.019 |
| Digit Span | –2.22±1.00 | –1.63±1.07 | –0.44±0.10 | 0.035 | 0.227 |
| Semantic fluency | –2.55±1.00 | –2.47±1.63 | –2.53±1.05 | 0.556 | 0.001 |
| Motor initiative | –1.27±0.87 | –1.33±0.56 | 0.15±0.80 | 0.022 | 0.171 |
| Graphomotor initiative | –1.57±0.79 | –2.38±0.46 | 0.10±0.66 | 0.019 | 0.208 |
| Proverbs | –3.53±1.51 | –2.87±1.66 | –0.14±0.50 | < 0.001 | 0.302 |
| RPCM ab series | –2.52±1.43 | –2.87±1.54 | –1.86±1.01 | 0.324 | 0.062 |
| Naming | –0.87±0.45 | –0.81±0.34 | –0.99±0.22 | 0.112 | 0.043 |
| Repetition | 0.23±1.00 | 0.35±0.87 | 0.36±0.56 | 0.666 | 0.018 |
| Token Test | –1.53±0.98 | –0.66±1.44 | –0.81±0.45 | 0.099 | 0.073 |
| Word recall | –3.46±1.50 | –1.96±0.23 | –2.99±1.57 | 0.096 | 0.088 |
| Semantic memory | –3.19±1.23 | –3.47±1.68 | –2.08±1.45 | 0.677 | 0.037 |
| Verbal Paired-Associate Learning (IR) | –2.40±1.30 | –2.35±3.25 | –3.01±1.00 | 0.398 | 0.047 |
| Logical Memory (IR) | –2.07±1.15 | –2.13±0.54 | –2.66±1.38 | 0.024 | 0.281 |
| Visual Memory (IR) | –1.26±0.52 | 0.64±0.92 | –1.17±0.98 | 0.611 | 0.081 |
| Logical Memory (DR) | –1.75±0.50 | –1.01±1.15 | –3.68±0.44 | 0.006 | 0.240 |
| Basic Written Calculus | –0.95±0.22 | –0.81±0.44 | –0.90±0.45 | 0.687 | 0.001 |
| Cube copy | –1.47±0.98 | –1.02±0.87 | –1.24±0.67 | < 0.001 | 0.444 |
| Orientation | –1.10±0.22 | –0.99±0.37 | –1.23±0.67 | 0.976 | 0.054 |
Data of variables is presented as the mean ± SD. Statistically significant differences between the groups are presented in bold. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; AT: attention; bvFTD: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia; DR: delayed recall; EF: executive functions; GRN-bvFTD: progranulin associated bvFTD; IR: Immediate Recall; LANG: Language; MEM: Memory; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; OR: orientation; RCPM: Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices; VSP: Visuospatial. Group comparisons were performed through non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis.