Table 3.
Acupuncture downregulates leukocyte infiltration in the inflammatory cascade
| Study | Model | Acupoints | Pre-/post-treatment | Acupuncture type/parameter | Major effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jin et al. (2013) | MCAO | GV20 | Pre-treatment | EA/intensity 1 mA, frequency 2–15 Hz for 30 min | CD45↓, MCPIP1↑ |
| Mao et al. (2007) | MCAO | DU20, DU26 | Post-treatment | EA/intensity 1–3 V, frequency 4–16 Hz for 30 min | ICAM-1↓, P-selectin↓ |
| Liu et al. (2010, 2013) | EAE | ST36 | Post-treatment | EA/intensity 0.5 mA, 3–5 V, frequency 1 Hz for 30 min | Th1↓, Th17↓, Th2↑, Treg↑, β-endorphin↑ |
| Lee et al. (2016) | EAE | ST36 | Pre-treatment | BVA | CD4+/IFN-γ↓, CD4+/IL-17+↓, Treg↑ |
BVA: Bee venom acupuncture; EA: electroacupuncture; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ICAM-1: intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MCPIP1: monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1; Th: helper T cell; Treg: regulatory T cell.