Table 2.
HIE Diagnosis, Treatments and Follow-up
| Survey Variables, n (%) | Total hospital | General hospital | Maternity and infant hospital | Children’s hospital | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 273 | n = 165 | n = 73 | n = 35 | ||
| Which indicator(s) do you use for diagnosing HIE? | 0.516 | ||||
| Neurological manifestations | 263 (96.3) | 157 (95.2) | 71 (97.3) | 35 (100.0) | |
| Arterial blood gas | 186 (68.1) | 110 (66.7) | 49 (67.1) | 27 (77.1) | |
| Abnormal EEG/aEEG | 152 (55.7) | 79 (47.9) | 44 (60.3) | 29 (82.9) | |
| Abnormal MRI | 200 (73.3) | 126 (76.4) | 43 (58.9) | 31 (88.6) | |
| CT low density shadow | 79 (28.9) | 44 (26.7) | 25 (34.2) | 10 (28.6) | |
| Blood neuroenzymatic changes | 86 (31.5) | 52 (31.5) | 18 (24.7) | 16 (45.7) | |
| Does your hospital provide TH for infants with HIE? | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 147 (53.8) | 71 (43.0) | 49 (67.1) | 27 (77.1) | |
| Do you use any of the following agents to treat HIE? | 0.462 | ||||
| Cytidine diphosphate choline | 57 (20.9) | 41 (24.8) | 8 (11.0) | 8 (22.9) | |
| Rat nerve growth factor | 70 (25.6) | 46 (27.9) | 11 (15.1) | 13 (37.1) | |
| Ganglioside | 179 (65.6) | 111 (67.3) | 45 (61.6) | 23 (65.7) | |
| Erythropoietin | 37 (13.6) | 21 (12.7) | 11 (15.1) | 5 (14.3) | |
| Cerebrolysin | 24 (8.8) | 17 (10.3) | 5 (6.8) | 2 (5.7) | |
| Does your hospital have a long-term follow-up service for HIE children? | 0.69 | ||||
| Yes | 248 (90.8) | 149 (90.3) | 68 (93.2) | 31 (88.6) | |
| Up to how old are the HIE children followed up? | 0.715 | ||||
| 1 year old | 41 (15.0) | 28 (17.0) | 9 (12.3) | 4 (11.4) | |
| 2 years old | 86 (31.5) | 48 (29.1) | 26 (35.6) | 10 (28.6) | |
| Preschool age | 148 (54.2) | 89 (53.9) | 38 (52.1) | 21 (60.0) | |
| Which neurodevelopmental assessment scale(s) is used in your follow-up clinic? | 0.106 | ||||
| Bayley | 140 (51.3) | 76 (46.1) | 45 (61.6) | 19 (54.3) | |
| CDCC | 69 (25.3) | 45 (27.3) | 18 (24.7) | 6 (17.1) | |
| Other standardized testsa | 30 (11.0) | 22 (13.3) | 2 (2.7) | 6 (17.1) | |
| None of above | 34 (12.5) | 22 (13.3) | 8 (11.0) | 4 (11.4) |
Abbreviation: HIE Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, TH Therapeutic hypothermia, EEG Electroencephalography, aEEG amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, MRI Magnetic resonance imaging, CT Computerized tomography, GMs General movements, NBNA Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment, DDST Denver developmental screening test
a Include Gesell, GMs, NBNA, Wechsler intelligence scale, and DDST