Table 2.
Trends and differences in access to safe drinking water in Peruvian households, ENAHO 2008–2018
| Year | General population (excluding rural areas) | City size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small | Medium | Large | ||
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | |
| 2008 | 46.7 (45.90–47.47) | 29.2 (28.32–30.17) | 49.1 (47.70–50.42) | 65.6 (64.08–67.07) |
| 2009 | 43.0 (42.19–43.78) | 22.5 (21.67–23.34) | 42.9 (41.57–44.26) | 66.0 (64.46–67.45) |
| 2010 | 45.2 (44.42–46.01) | 24.1 (23.29–24.98) | 44.3 (42.91–45.59) | 68.9 (67.46–70.34) |
| 2011 | 48.4 (47.65–49.11) | 27.8 (27.02–28.64) | 44.9 (43.61–46.10) | 74.3 (73.04–75.59) |
| 2012 | 47.8 (47.05–48.53) | 28.0 (27.22–28.89) | 45.1 (43.86–46.37) | 72.3 (70.98–73.61) |
| 2013 | 50.8 (50.12–51.40) | 28.1 (27.38–28.84) | 49.2 (47.98–50.32) | 78.4 (77.35–79.48) |
| 2014 | 49.3 (48.68–49.98) | 28.0 (27.32–28.81) | 48.0 (46.84–49.21) | 75.1 (73.97–76.22) |
| 2015 | 46.8 (46.13–47.48) | 23.0 (22.30–23.73) | 45.6 (44.35–46.75) | 73.7 (72.49–74.89) |
| 2016 | 48.3 (47.64–48.93) | 26.2 (25.51–26.89) | 49.4 (48.18–50.52) | 73.8 (72.62–75.02) |
| 2017 | 49.1 (48.50–49.79) | 27.4 (26.74–28.15) | 48.9 (47.72–50.09) | 74.4 (73.23–75.56) |
| 2018 | 51.9 (51.23–52.48) | 29.1 (28.36–29.74) | 52.4 (51.25–53.55) | 78.4 (77.31–79.49) |
| P-value, test for trends* | < 0.001 | 0.009 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Difference 2018 vs. 2008 | ||||
| Percentage points (95% CI) | 5.2 (4.2; 6.2) | −0.2 (− 0.9; 1.3) | 3.3 (1.6; 5.1) | 12.8 (11.0; 14.7) |
% include the factor expansion and the complex survey design for each year of the ENAHO surveys
The symbol (*) indicated the method to obtain the p-value