Table 2. Comparison of cognitive functions (AST, PRM, and CRT) between smokers and nonsmokers.
| Parameters | Smokers (Mean ± SD) | Nonsmokers (Mean ± SD) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| AST-Congruency cost | 76.00 ± 57.49 | 65.37 ± 40.82 | 0.289 |
| AST-Latency (blocks 3,5) [non-switching blocks] | 574.95 ± 111.05 | 501.56 ± 68.10 | 0.000 |
| AST-Latency (block 7) [switching block] | 669.96 ± 208.13 | 640.94 ± 167.21 | 0.444 |
| AST-Switching cost | 95.01 ± 166.39 | 139.37 ± 130.21 | 0.141 |
| AST-Latency | 620.26 ± 142.03 | 570.11 ± 108.39 | 0.050 |
| AST-Latency (congruent) | 586.50 ± 132.46 | 538.36 ± 104.00 | 0.046 |
| AST-Latency (incongruent) | 662.50 ± 157.44 | 603.72 ± 116.56 | 0.036 |
| AST-Percent correct trials | 83.75 ± 11.22 | 96.95 ± 2.18 | 0.000 |
| PRM- Percent correct | 79.75 ± 13.44 | 93.42 ± 8.34 | 0.000 |
| CRT-Latency | 509.87 ± 129.83 | 455.20 ± 65.73 | 0.009 |
| CRT-Percent correct trials | 95.30 ± 4.09 | 98.48 ± 1.64 | 0.000 |
Notes.
PRM-Percent correct are the number of correct responses, expressed as a percentage.
- AST
- attention switching task
- PRM
- pattern recognition memory
- CRT
- choice reaction time
- SD
- standard deviation
Significance among groups was calculated by applying t-test for independence. P-values ≤0.05 were considered as statistically significant.