Fig. 1. Jablonski diagram summarizing the excited-state dynamics of organic fluorophores in a solvent acting as a quencher. Deactivation of the excited state of the fluorophore (described by the rate constant kS1) occurs through radiative processes (radiative rate constant krad), intramolecular non-radiative processes (non-radiative rate constant knr), and quenching interactions with the solvent (solvent-assisted quenching rate constant ks).
