Summary of liquid-assisted and neat grinding experiments performed with liquid additives that vary in their chemical nature (protic vs. aprotic), polarity (ε) and quantities used (η)a.
Liquid additive | Protic vs. aprotic | ε | η/μL mg−1 | Type of liquid additive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.05 | 0.15 | 0.30 | ||||
Hexane | Aprotic | 1.89 | ■□ | ○△ | △ | Catalytic |
Ethyl acetate | Aprotic | 6.02 | ■ | ▲ | ▲ | |
Acetone | Aprotic | 20.7 | ■ | ▲ | ▲ | |
Acetonitrile | Aprotic | 37.5 | ■ | ▲ | ▲ | |
Ethanol | Protic | 24.5 | ■ | ■ | ■ | Inhibitive |
Methanol | Protic | 32.7 | ■ | ■ | ■ | |
2-Pyrrolidone | Protic | 23.6 | ■ | ○ | ○ | Prohibitive |
Nitromethane | Aprotic | 35.9 | ■ | ○ | ○ | |
DMSO | Aprotic | 47.2 | ■ | ○ | ○ |
Amorphous salt: ■, physical mixture of reactants: ○, form I: △, form II: ▲.