Summary of optical properties^a.

Compound	λ abs (nm)	λ flu b (nm)	Stokes shift (cm−1)	Φ F c	τ F (ns)	k r (10−8 s−1)	k nr (10−8 s−1)	|gabs|	|glum|b
6O	384	391	466	39%	4.7	0.82	1.3	1.2 × 10−2 (390 nm)	6.1 × 10−3 (385 nm)
6N	399	405	371	13%	3.2	0.40	2.7	1.9 × 10−2 (403 nm)	9.5 × 10−3 (403 nm)
6S	400	408	490	0.6%	0.22	0.27	45	1.7 × 10−2 (404 nm)	4.4 × 10−3 (414 nm)
6CX	424	442	935	62%	6.3	0.99	0.61	9.8 × 10−3 (301 nm)	1.3 × 10−3 (432 nm)
6CF	425	444	981	66% (40%)d	6.4	1.03	0.53	8.6 × 10−3 (307 nm)	8.6 × 10−4 (454 nm)
6SO2	470	513	1780	10%	2.6	0.39	3.4	2.4 × 10−2 (316 nm)	7.6 × 10−4 (545 nm)

^a λ _abs: wavelength of the longest absorption maximum, λ_flu: wavelength of the maximum of fluorescence intensity, Φ_F: fluorescence quantum yield (excited at 365 nm), τ_F: fluorescence lifetime, k_r: radiative rate constant, k_nr: non-radiative rate constant, g_abs: absorption dissymmetry factor (Δε/ε), g_lum: luminescence dissymmetry factor (2(I_L − I_R)/(I_L + I_R)). Racemic samples were used except for CD and CPL measurements. The values of |g_abs| and |g_lum| shown in Table 1 are the averages of those of two enantiomers.

^bExcited at 300 nm.

^cExcited at 365 nm.

^dIn the solid state.