Fig. 2. Hybridization-induced change in background-subtracted SWVs and percentage change in current after exposing the sensor to 20 nM complementary target DNA (22 nucleotides) in five different systems as indicated by the cartoons. Electrolyte solution was 0.5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). The frequency and pulse amplitude of SWVs were 2 Hz and 25 mV, respectively. Error bars represent standard deviations from at least 3 independent measurements.
