Table 3.
Metabolic energy expenditures for the prey approach, engulfment and purging stages combined
| Specimen/input and output data | Humpback whale | Blue whale | Blue whale | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L (m) | 8 | 22.73 | 27.40 | Cade et al. (2016) |
| Bio-logging tag number10 | mn160727-11 | bw160224-8 | bw160727-10 | Cade et al. (2016) |
| Uopen (m/s) | 3.56 (0.26) | 2.78 (0.13) | 3.25 (0.33) | Cade et al. (2016) and Fig. 3; SD from tag data. |
| Uclose (m/s) | 2.19 (0.55) | 1.19 (0.15) | 1.33 (0.36) | Equation (5); SD from mass data |
| cetER (kW) | 5 | 25 | 40 | cetER = f 4.1 M0.75 |
| cetER energy (kJ) | 232 | 2111 | 3116 | Equation (9) previous row times lunge duration |
| Equations (9) with previous row with f = 1.45; | ||||
| Single lunge expenditure E1lunge (kJ) | 515 | 4080 | 8217 | Ustart = Uclose (Equation (5) |
| 656 | 4465 | 9085 | Ustart = Uclose = 1.5 m/s | |
| 614 | 3982 | 7894 | Ustart = Uclose = 0.7 m/s | |
| Etotal/Tlunge; via Equation (9). | ||||
| Power (kW) expended during a single lunge | 11 | 48 | 107 | Ustart = Uclose (Equation (5) |
| 14 | 53 | 118 | Ustart = Uclose = 1.5 m/s | |
| 13 | 47 | 103 | Ustart = Uclose = 0.7 m/s | |
| Prey energy (kJ) | 3380 | 61,307 | 125,937 | In a single “gulp” Equation (11) |
| Equation (1); | ||||
| FE (single lunge) | 7 | 14 | 14 | Ustart = Uclose (Equation (5) |
| 5 | 15 | 15 | Ustart = Uclose = 1.5 m/s | |
| 6 | 15 | 16 | Ustart = Uclose = 0.7 m/s |
The input values are the same as in Table 2. Calculations omitting shape drag are shown in the first row of cells containing triple entries. SDs are shown in parentheses.