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Fig. 12. (a) Schematic principle for the ECL imaging of single cells. (b) PL (green), ECL (red) and overlay of the PL (green) and ECL (red) images of CHO cells grown on a GC electrode. SA(streptavidin)@Ru labels were attached to the biotinylated proteins of the cellular membrane. ECL was recorded in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4) containing 100 mM TPrA by applying 1.35 V. Scale bar: 20 μm. (c) ECL mechanism involved in this work (E represents Ru(bpy)32+). Reproduced from ref. 106 with permission from the American Chemical Society, copyright [2017].