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Fig. 3. (a) Schematic illustration of the ECL waveguide (ECLW) in single molecular wires of Ir(piq)3 on a patterned ITO electrode; (b) PL and ECL images of single molecular wires of Ir(piq)3 on the ITO electrode in 0.1 M PB solution (pH 7.4) containing 0.1 M TPrA. ECL images were captured at +1.5 V. The exposure time was 60 s. The grayscale variation of PL and ECL along the longitudinal axis of two molecular wires shown in PL and ECL images. Reproduced from ref. 60 with permission from Wiley-VCH, copyright [2020].