Table 5.

Use of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Inpatients and Outpatients With Diabetes Mellitus Who Had SARS-CoV-2 Infection/COVID-19 and Its Impact on Hospital Admission and Mortality

Hospital admission
Parameter	N	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
		OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Use of DPP-4 inhibitors	Inpatient: 56/631 (8.9) Outpatient: 20/201 (10.2)	0.86 (0.50-1.48)	.592	0.80 (0.39-1.63)	.535

Mortality
Parameter	N	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
		OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Use of DPP-4 inhibitors	Inpatient: 56/631 (8.9) Outpatient: 20/201 (10.2)	1.22 (0.68-2.19)	.504	1.61 (0.79-3.27)	.191

Abbreviations: aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; CoV = coronavirus; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; DPP-4 = dipeptidyl peptidase 4; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome.

In the multivariable model, backward stepwise selection was used to select significant variables.

For hospital admission, all parameters presented in Table 2 were included initially for backward stepwise selection. The use of DPP-4 inhibitors was forced into the multivariable model. P value = .497 for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, which did not indicate significant poor fit.

For mortality, all parameters presented in Table 3 were included initially for backward stepwise selection. The use of DPP-4 inhibitor was forced into the multivariable model. P value = .550 for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, which did not indicate significant poor fit.