Table 1.

American Diabetes Association treatment goals and guidance [14]

Treatment targets	ADA Guidance
A1C	• A1C goal for many nonpregnant adults is < 7% (53 mmol/mol) • More stringent A1C goals (such as < 6.5% [48 mmol/mol]) for some patients, but care should be taken to avoid significant hypoglycemia or polypharmacy (e.g., in patients with a short duration of diabetes, T2D treated with lifestyle or metformin only, long life expectancy, or no significant CVD) • Less stringent A1C goals (e.g., < 8% [64 mmol/mol]) may be appropriate for some patients (e.g., those with a history of severe hypoglycemia, limited life expectancy, advanced micro- or macrovascular complications, extensive comorbid conditions, or long-standing diabetes in whom the goal is difficult to achieve) • Reassess glycemic targets over time
BP	• BP control should be optimized to reduce the risk or slow the progression of CKD • BP targets should be individualized through a shared decision-making process • Patients with hypertension should, at a minimum, be treated to BP targets of < 140/90 mmHg to reduce CVD mortality and slow CKD progression • Lower BP targets (e.g., < 130/80 mmHg) should be considered for some patients based on individual anticipated benefits and risks (e.g., those with ≥ 300 mg/day albuminuria)

A1C Glycated hemoglobin, ADA American Diabetes Association, BP blood pressure, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, T2D type 2 diabetes