Table 1.
Basic characteristics of included studies
| Study | Country | Comparison | Sample size (SG vs. CG) | Age, years (SG vs. CG) | Duration | Details of interventions | Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SG | CG | |||||||
| Armstrong et al. [43] | UK | Liraglutide vs. Placebo | 14 (7 vs. 7) | 59.0 (57.0–60.0) vs 56.0 (39.0–59.0) | 12 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | Liraglutide-placebo control | BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP |
| Bizino et al. [27] | Netherlands | Liraglutide vs. Placebo | 49 (23 vs. 26) | (60 ± 6) vs (59 ± 7) | 26 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | Liraglutide-placebo control | BMI, HbA1c, TC, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, VAT, SAT |
| Matikainen et al. [29] | Finland | Liraglutide vs. Placebo | 22 (15 vs. 7) | (62 ± 2) vs (63 ± 2) | 16 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | Liraglutide-placebo control | BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VAT, SAT, LF |
| Smits et al. [45] | Netherlands | Liraglutide vs. Placebo | 34 (17 vs. 17) | (60.8 ± 1.8) vs (65.8 ± 1.4) | 12 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | Liraglutide-placebo control | BMI, HbA1c, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LF |
| Vanderheiden [46] | USA | Liraglutide vs. Placebo | 71 (35 vs. 36) | (52.8 ± 8.1) vs (55.5 ± 6.6) | 6 months | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | Liraglutide-placebo control | HbA1c, VAT, SAT, LF |
| Zhang et al. [48] | China | Liraglutide vs. Pioglitazon | 60 (30 vs. 30) | 50.2 ± 11.5) vs (51.5 ± 12.1) | 24 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.2 mg liraglutide | 30 mg/day from the second week to the conclusion of the study | BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, GGT, LF, AEs |
| Feng [28] | China | Liraglutide vs. Metformin | 58 (29 vs. 29) | 46.8 ± 1.8) vs (46.3 ± 2.3) | 24 months | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | 1000 mg twice daily from the third week to the end of the study | BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT |
| Tian et al. [47] | China | Liraglutide vs. Metformin | 127 (52 vs. 75) | (58.5 ± 7.6) vs (56.4 ± 8.4) | 12 weeks | Liraglutide group received Lira at a dose of 0.6–1.2 mg/day | Etformin group received a dose of 100–1500 mg/day | BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT |
| Bouchi et al. [44] | Japan | Liraglutide vs. Insulin | 17 (8 vs. 9) | (57 ± 16) vs (60 ± 22) | 36 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 0.9 mg liraglutide | Insulin | BMI, HbA1c, TG, HDL, LDL, VAT, SAT |
| Tang et al. [49] | China | Liraglutide vs. Insulin | 35 (18 vs. 17) | (60.7 ± 16.1) vs (60.4 ± 8.8) | 12 weeks | Once-daily subcutaneous injections of 1.8 mg liraglutide | Insulin | BMI, HbA1c, TG, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT |
| Yan et al. [30] | China | Liraglutide vs. Insulin | 48 (24 vs. 24) | (43.1 ± 9.7) vs (45.6 ± 7.6) | 26 weeks | Subcutaneous liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily | Subcutaneous insulin initiated at 0.2 IU/kg/day | BMI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, VAT, SAT; AEs |
SG Study group, CG control group, BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT Gamma-glutamyl transferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, VAT visceral adipose tissue, SAT subcutaneous adipose tissue, LF liver fat, AEs adverse events