Table 4.
Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019
| Variables | COR (95% CI) |
Model I (Null model) |
Model II AOR (95% CI) |
Model III AOR(95% CI) |
Model IV AOR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of knowledge | |||||
| Low | 3.4 (2.2, 5.2) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.3) | 3.2 (1.9, 5.4) | ||
| Moderate | 2 (1.2, 3.8) | 1.4 (0.7, 3.0) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.2) | ||
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Attitude towards alcohol consumption | |||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Neutral | 3.7 (2.3, 5.9) | 2.8 (1.7, 4.6) | 3 (1.5, 5.2) | ||
| Positive | 9.5 (6.7,13.4) | 6.3 (4.2, 9.5) | 7.5 (5, 11) | ||
| History of pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption | |||||
| Yes | 5.1 (3.8, 6.9) | 4.9 (3.44, 7.2) | 4.8 (3.4, 6 .9) | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Partner alcohol use | |||||
| Yes | 5.9 (4, 8.6) | 3.9 (2.44, 6.08) | 3.9 (2.5, 6) | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Partner encouragement to alcohol use | |||||
| Yes | 6.4 (3.4, 12) | 3.5 (1.64, 7.4) | 4 (1.9, 8) | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | |||
| The perception that alcohol consumption is culturally or socially acceptable | |||||
| Yes | 4.7 (3.4, 6.5) | 3.6 (2.4, 5.4) | 3.6 (2.4, 5.3) | ||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Community women’s education attainments | |||||
| Low | 3.3 (1.5, 7.2) | 2.6 (1.6, 5.1) | 4 (2.2, 7.7) | ||
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ever heard/media exposure about the risk of alcohol drinking during pregnancy | |||||
| Low | 2.5 (1.2, 5.5) | 2.2 (1.01, 4.9) | 3 (1.7, 5.5) | ||
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Community social support | |||||
| Low | 2.9 (1.4, 6) | 1.5 (0.8, 3.2) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.2) | ||
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Random-effects | |||||
| Community variance | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.16 | 0.10 | |
| ICC (%) | 14.3 | 18 | 5 | 3 | |
| PCV (%) | Ref | - | 71 | 82 | |
| Model fitness | |||||
| AIC | 1391.2 | 975.84 | 1381.79 | 946.16 | |
| Log-likelihood | -693.5836 | -459.9229 | -684.8936 | -460.1313 | |