Table 2.
Prognostic factors for survival
| Characteristic | Overall survival | Cancer-specific survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate a | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| ≤ 60 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| > 60 | 1.428 (1.384–1.473) | 0.001 | 1.484 (1.383–1.594) | 0.001 | 1.516 (1.459–1.575) | 0.001 | 1.357 (1.266–1.456) | 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Female | 0.950 (0.922–0.980) | 0.001 | 0.894 (0.833–0.960) | 0.002 | 0.953 (0.923–0.984) | 0.003 | 0.900 (0.845–0.959) | 0.001 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Black | 0.980 (0.935–1.027) | 0.395 | 1.065 (0.965–1.175) | 0.210 | 0.967 (0.920–1.016) | 0.182 | 0.995 (0.913–1.085) | 0.914 |
| Other | 0.847 (0.808–0.888) | < 0.001 | 0.907 (0.815–1.009) | 0.073 | 0.862 (0.822–0.905) | < 0.001 | 0.882 (0.804–0.967) | 0.008 |
| Clinical T-stage | ||||||||
| T1–2 | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| T3–4 | 2.710 (2.584–2.841) | < 0.001 | 2.636 (2.504–2.774) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Lymph node metastasis | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 1.425 (1.359–1.494) | < 0.001 | 1.406 (1.337–1.479) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Distant metastasis | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Yes | 3.101 (2.965–3.244) | < 0.001 | 3.031 (2.889–3.180) | < 0.001 | ||||
| AJCC clinical stage | ||||||||
| I–II | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| III–IV | 3.210 (3.066–3.361) | < 0.001 | 2.807 (2.519–3.041) | < 0.001 | 3.105 (2.956–3.261) | < 0.001 | 2.816 (2.622–3.023) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.370 (0.355–0.387) | < 0.001 | 0.575 (0.519–0.637) | < 0.001 | 0.345 (0.332–0.359) | < 0.001 | 0.525 (0.481–0.573) | < 0.001 |
| Radiation | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.605 (0.578–0.634) | < 0.001 | 0.908 (0.820–1.006) | 0.065 | 0.602 (0.573–0.632) | < 0.001 | 0.966 (0.882–1.057) | 0.450 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.848 (0.821–0.875) | < 0.001 | 0.801 (0.738–0.869) | < 0.001 | 0.837 (0.810–0.865) | < 0.001 | 0.673 (0.627–0.722) | < 0.001 |
| Histologic grade | ||||||||
| Well-moderate | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Poor-undifferentiated | 1.838 (1.774–1.903) | < 0.001 | 1.632 (1.527–1.745) | < 0.001 | 1.826 (1.759–1.894) | < 0.001 | 1.686 (1.589–1.789) | < 0.001 |
| Histology | ||||||||
| Non-SRC | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| SRC | 1.184 (1.063–1.320) | 0.002 | 1.256 (1.035–1.523) | 0.021 | 1.157 (1.027–1.304) | 0.016 | 1.211 (1.012–1.447) | 0.036 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||||||
| 1998–2009 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 2010–2016 | 0.796 (0.771–0.823) | < 0.001 | 0.912 (0.848–0.981) | 0.013 | 0.800 (0.773–0.828) | < 0.001 | 0.884 (0.834–0.937) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Unmarried | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Married | 0.819 (0.796–0.842) | < 0.001 | 0.865 (0.809–0.924) | < 0.001 | 1.249 (1.213–1.286) | < 0.001 | 1.221 (1.151–1.295) | < 0.001 |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer, SRC signet ring cell carcinoma