Table 1.

Prebiotic role of various algae strains on growth promotion of probiotics and related health improvements

Microalgae sp.	Probiotic	Microalgae conc (mg. ml−1)	Main focus Of study	Other remarks	Reference
Chlorella vulgaris	Lactobacillus brevis	0.1–1.5%	Improving the probiotic growth, health, product yield and other desirable properties	Algae shortening the log phase, improving lactic acid yield, enzyme activity and acidifying activity of probiotics	[20]
Euglena gracilis	Streptococcus iniae	ND	Development as animal feed, paramylon activity was tested	Immunostimulant activity offered to the animal host	[21]
Pavlova pinguis	Phaeobacter inhibens	ND	Disease management in bivalve V. coralliilyticus	Vibrio sp. infection reduction for reducing the mortality of larval shellfish	[22]
Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis	Lactic acid bacteria	3	Supplementing microalgae in milk products for improving its storage and self-life	Increasing the viability of probiotics in final product but also the sensory attributes	[23]
Euglena gracilis	Bacillus licheniformis or B. subtilis	ND	Development as animal feed, β-glucan was tested in poultry, cow, horses, dogs, cats, birds and reptiles	Improved the health and immune system of animal hosts	[24]
Spirulina platensis	Lactococcus lactis sp.	1	Supplementing microalgae in yogurt to improve health benefits due to probiotic enrichment	Increasing the viability of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria	[25]
Spirulina platensis	Lactococcus lactis sp.	1	Supplementing microalgae in yogurt to improve health benefits due to healthy bacterial enrichment	Increasing the viability of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria	[26]
Phaeodactylum triconutum, Tetraselmis chuii	Bacillus subtilis	ND	Developed as animal feed, effect of protein fraction was examined	Immune system was improved and intestinal adsorption was increased	[27]
Spirulina platensis	Bifidobacterium bifidum and other	1–2	Feed for animals suffering from disease due to imbalance of insulin and adipose distributions	It helped to adsorb metal ions in animal gut to restore gut disorders	[28]
Spirulina platensis	Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. Casei, S. thermophilus	5–10	Stimulating growth of lactic acid bacteria	Three LAB have been improved in their viability and activity, and suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacteria, improved intestinal adsorption of host	[29]
Dunaliella tertiolecta	Bacillus sp.	ND	Development as animal feed, β carotene effect was tested in shrimp	Improved immune system and disease resistance	[30]
Spirulina platensis, Chlorococcum, D. salina, S. magnus, Chlorella	Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium longum		Stimulating growth of lactic acid bacteria	Xylose and galactose in algal extract stimulate the growth of probiotics	[31]
Navicula sp.	Lactobacillus sakei	ND	Developed as animal feed, Oligosaccharide effect was tested	Immune system was improved and antioxidant property was enhanced	[32]

ND Not determined