Table 3.
Symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome according to grade of severity of acute COVID-19 (n = 599)
| Total N = 596 |
Severity of disease at the onset§ |
p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic N = 55 |
Mild N = 409 |
Moderate N = 93 |
Severe N = 24 |
Critical N = 15 |
|||
| Post-COVID symptoms, number, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| 0 | 357 (59.9) | 52 (94.5) | 243 (59.4) | 44 (47.3) | 14 (58.3) | 4 (26.7) | |
| 1 | 136 (22.8) | 3 (5.4) | 96 (23.5) | 28 (30.1) | 5 (20.8) | 4 (26.7) | |
| 2 | 64 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 46 (11.2) | 12 (12.9) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (20.0) | |
| 3 | 28 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (4.4) | 7 (7.5) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (13.3) | |
| 4 | 7 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.0) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | |
| 5 | 4 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (6.7) | |
| Fatigue, n (%) | 78 (13.1) | 1 (1.8) | 45 (11.0) | 21 (22.6) | 5 (20.8) | 6 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Anosmia/dysgeusia, n (%) | 62 (10.4) | 0 (0.0) | 57 (13.9) | 4 (4.3) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Neurological disorders, n (%) | 57 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 32 (7.8) | 17 (18.3) | 3 (12.5) | 5 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Rheumatological disorders n/N (%) | 38/463 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 25/311 (8.0) | 6/67 (9.0) | 2/17 (11.8) | 4/10 (0.8) | 0.002 |
| Dyspnoea, n (%) | 36 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (5.4) | 10 (10.7) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (20.0) | 0.011 |
| Psychiatric disorders, n (%) | 29 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (4.9) | 6 (6.4) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (13.3) | 0.14 |
| Hair loss, n (%) | 22 (3.7) | 1 (1.8) | 16 (3.9) | 2 (2.1) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (6.7) | 0.39 |
| Cutaneous lesions, n (%) | 20 (3.4) | 1 (1.8) | 15 (3.7) | 3 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0.77 |
| URTI symptoms, n (%) | 20 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0.23 |
| Headache, n (%) | 16 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (3.4) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.51 |
| Cough, n (%) | 12 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (1.7) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (6.7) | 0.18 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders, n (%) | 9 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.0) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.05 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 5 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.36 |
| Ocular symptoms, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease-19; n, number, N, number as a denominator; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.
& The question was missed in some interviews.
§
Asymptomatic; mild (without pneumonia); moderate (with pneumonia); severe (with severe pneumonia); critical including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and/or septic shock [11].