Table 4.

Nutrients intake in relation to the risk of liver injury and liver dysfunction during tuberculosis treatment^a.

Quantile of nutrient intakeb	n	Liver injury OR (95%CI)	Pc	n	Liver dysfunction OR (95%CI)	P
Protein (g/d)
<53.70	192	1.60 (0.54–4.72)	0.397	192	1.29 (0.67–2.48)	0.444
53.70–75.90	198	1.25 (0.48–3.28)	0.646	198	1.08 (0.60–1.93)	0.801
≥75.90	198	Reference category		198	Reference category
Fat (g/d)
<17.00	175	0.61 (0.23–1.66)	0.335	175	1.04 (0.56–1.96)	0.895
17.00–33.40	209	0.71 (0.33–1.54)	0.382	209	0.97 (0.58–1.63)	0.918
≥33.40	204	Reference category		204	Reference category
Carbohydrate (g/d)
<223.37	195	1.68 (0.50–5.68)	0.402	195	1.42 (0.72–2.79)	0.316
223.37–315.28	195	2.43 (0.85–6.97)	0.098	195	1.39 (0.76–2.54)	0.292
≥315.28	198	Reference category		198	Reference category
Dietary fiber (g/d)
<8.80	193	0.95 (0.37–2.42)	0.908	193	1.28 (0.71–2.30)	0.416
8.80–15.10	196	0.96 (0.40–2.27)	0.921	196	0.92 (0.53–1.60)	0.768
≥15.10	199	Reference category		199	Reference category
Vitamin A (ug RAE/d)d
<207.00	193	0.95 (0.40–2.28)	0.913	193	1.21 (0.69–2.13)	0.515
207.00–390.30	197	0.68 (0.33–1.41)	0.301	197	1.30 (0.80–2.10)	0.294
≥390.30	198	Reference category		198	Reference category
Thiamine (mg/d)
<0.90	188	0.83 (0.28–2.48)	0.739	188	0.94 (0.49–1.81)	0.846
0.90–1.40	198	0.71 (0.27–1.86)	0.487	198	0.78 (0.44–1.40)	0.407
≥1.40	202	Reference category		202	Reference category
Nicotinic acid (mg NE/d)
<9.50	193	1.17 (0.43–3.17)	0.756	193	1.19 (0.65–2.19)	0.574
9.50–14.20	197	1.09 (0.45–2.65)	0.843	197	0.74 (0.42–1.30)	0.296
≥14.20	198	Reference category		198	Reference category
Riboflavin (mg/d)
<0.60	169	1.76 (0.67–4.63)	0.249	169	1.45 (0.78–2.67)	0.237
0.60–0.80	187	1.64 (0.74–3.65)	0.225	187	1.18 (0.70–1.99)	0.539
≥0.80	232	Reference category		232	Reference category
Vitamin C (mg/d)
<35.50	194	0.79 (0.33–1.88)	0.591	194	1.49 (0.87–2.55)	0.142
35.50–69.40	197	0.98 (0.47–2.03)	0.958	197	1.17 (0.71–1.94)	0.533
≥69.40	197	Reference category		197	Reference category
Vitamin E (mg α–TE/d)
<8.80	189	0.86 (0.34–2.13)	0.739	189	1.16 (0.63–2.12)	0.641
8.80–15.20	198	0.36 (0.14–0.93)	0.034	198	1.00 (0.57–1.75)	0.998
≥15.20	201	Reference category		201	Reference category
K (mg/d)
<1,221.00	194	1.21 (0.46–3.18)	0.701	194	1.30 (0.70–2.38)	0.405
1,221.00–1,808.50	197	1.15 (0.48–2.76)	0.760	197	1.04 (0.59–1.82)	0.897
≥1,808.50	197	Reference category		197	Reference category
Na (mg/d)e
<239.20	192	0.73 (0.28–1.92)	0.528	192	0.71 (0.39–1.29)	0.257
239.20–598.40	198	0.65 (0.31–1.34)	0.243	198	0.75 (0.47–1.22)	0.246
≥598.40	198	Reference category		198	Reference category
Ca (mg/d)
<230.00	192	1.25 (0.50–3.10)	0.634	192	1.31 (0.73–2.33)	0.365
230.00–369.50	196	1.28 (0.57–2.87)	0.548	196	1.10 (0.65–1.86)	0.734
≥368.50	200	Reference category		200	Reference category
Mg (mg/d)
<243.00	193	1.39 (0.49–3.99)	0.539	193	1.49 (0.78–2.85)	0.226
243.00–355.60	195	1.21 (0.46–3.18)	0.702	195	1.45 (0.80–2.61)	0.221
≥355.60	200	Reference category		200	Reference category
P (mg/d)
<839.90	194	1.93 (0.70–5.34)	0.207	194	1.25 (0.66–2.36)	0.497
839.90–1,173.90	195	0.79 (0.29–2.15)	0.640	195	0.81 (0.45–1.46)	0.477
≥1,173.90	199	Reference category		199	Reference category
Fe (mg/d)
<15.00	190	0.96 (0.39–2.40)	0.935	190	0.89 (0.49–1.60)	0.693
15.00–23.40	198	1.17 (0.50–2.70)	0.721	198	1.04 (0.61–1.78)	0.889
≥23.40	200	Reference category		200	Reference category
Zn (mg/d)
<7.70	191	0.56 (0.21–1.54)	0.261	191	1.03 (0.55–1.93)	0.934
7.70–11.00	194	0.50 (0.21–1.21)	0.123	194	0.82 (0.47–1.44)	0.485
≥11.00	203	Reference category		203	Reference category
Cu (mg/d)
<1.40	192	1.30 (0.44–3.86)	0.641	192	0.95 (0.50–1.82)	0.880
1.40–2.10	184	1.02 (0.39–2.71)	0.964	184	0.96 (0.54–1.72)	0.893
≥2.10	212	Reference category		212	Reference category
Se (ug/d)
<34.50	191	1.92 (0.74–4.99)	0.180	191	1.04 (0.56–1.92)	0.913
34.50–49.80	196	1.25 (0.54–2.86)	0.600	196	1.12 (0.66–1.88)	0.678
≥49.80	201	Reference category		201	Reference category
Mn (mg/d)
<4.80	195	1.06 (0.37–3.01)	0.911	195	0.98 (0.53–1.83)	0.951
4.80–7.20	194	1.10 (0.43–2.83)	0.846	194	0.68 (0.38–1.23)	0.204
≥7.20	199	Reference category		199	Reference category

^aMultivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tuberculosis-drug-induced liver injury and liver dysfunction. The model was adjusted by age, sex, area, energy intake, diabetes, education level, BMI and outdoor exercise.

^bThe intake of each nutrient was divided into three quantiles. The highest quantile was used as the reference group.

^cP was calculated with the use of multivariate logistic regression model for liver injury and liver dysfunction.

^d1 ug RAE = 1 ug all-trans-retinol + (1/12) ug all-trans-β-carotene + (1/24) ugprovitamin A carotenoid; 1 mg NE = 1 mg niacin + (1/60) mg tryptophan; 1 mg α-TE = 1 mg α-tocopherol + 0.5 mg β-tocopherol + 0.1 mg γ-tocopherol + 0.02 mg δ-tocopherol + 0.3 mg α-tocotrienol.

^eThe intake of Na as salt was not counted. P values were labeled in bold if they were less than 0.05.