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. 2021 May 24;11:652378. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652378

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Copyright © 2021 Gao, Li, Xu, Zhang, Huang, Dai and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Roles of exosomes in gastric cancer malignity. Exosomes from gastric cancer cells or other cells contribute to malignity in (A) tumor growth, (B) drug resistance, and (C) metastasis. Exosomes may affect all processes of metastasis, such as EMT, invasiveness, and pre-metastatic niche formation. The small circles represent exosomes, and effective molecules were listed by the arrows. EMT, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; GC, gastric cancer; PMN, pre-metastatic niche.