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. 2021 May 24;11:652378. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652378

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Copyright © 2021 Gao, Li, Xu, Zhang, Huang, Dai and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Roles of exosomes in stroma remodeling in gastric cancer pre-metastatic niches. Gastric cancer cell-derived exosomes can convert pericytes, fibroblasts, and MSCs into CAFs. Also, they remodel ECM and induce MMT and apoptosis of PMCs through different cargo during PMN formation. Meanwhile, exosomes from MSCs and CAFs can in turn promote tumor cell progression. Arrows represent activation, whereas bar-headed arrows represent inhibition. CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; ECM extracellular matrix; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PMN, pre-metastatic niche.