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. 2021 May 24;11:619365. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.619365

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Copyright © 2021 Wu, Huang, Chen and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of Calcitriol on radiation responses in vitro. (A) Calcitriol significantly increased RT-induced cell death by clonogenic assay. The survival fraction was determined by enumerating colonies after irradiation exposure divided by the colony numbers with the respective condition and sham irradiation. Points, means of 3 separate experiments; bars, SD. *P < 0.05. (B) Effect of Calcitriol treatment on apoptosis-related protein and DNA damage was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in vitro (DAPI, blue; target protein, green). The quantification is to calculate the value of the cell number positive for targeted protein divided by the total cell number. The Y-axis represents the ratio normalized by the value of irradiated cells under control condition. *p < 0.05. (C) The levels of IL-6 in cellular supernatants were examined by ELISA in vitro. Columns represent the means ± SD. *P < 0.05. (D) The expression levels of IL-6/p-STAT3, B-catenin and Ki-67 were evaluated by immunofluorescence using 22RV1 cells incubated in the presence of indicated dosage of calcitriol or p38 inhibitor for 48 h and the results of representative slides are shown.