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. 2021 May 24;12:673047. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.673047

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Copyright © 2021 Nothstein, Luik, Jadidi, Sánchez, Unger, Wülfers, Dössel, Seemann, Schmitt and Loewe.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Elimination of stimulation artifact. Exemplary stimulation signal covering an atrial activity from an S1S2 pacing protocol (orange). Template (1, yellow) chosen from the last part of the S1S2 protocol. After template subtraction (2) and linear signal smoothing (3), the maximum of the NLEO activity detection signal (red), shifts by Δt from the stimulation (vertical blue dotted line) to the now uncovered atrial activity (black dotted line). (B) A synthetic signal segment containing stimulations followed by atrial activities. In some cases, the atrial activity is covered by the stimulation (original channels). After the matched filtering method is applied, all atrial activities become visible (processed channels).