Fig. 2.

GSH modulation of the immune response against B. pseudomallei infection. A low GSH:GSSG ratio as depicted leads to low IL-1β and IL-8 production in the neutrophils, as depicted by dotted arrows. The low production of these cytokine and chemokine in response to infection impairs neutrophil migration. The low GSH:GSSG ratio in monocytes and macrophages results in impaired IL-12 production (dotted arrows) and leads to a corresponding decrease in IFNγ production in NK cells (dotted arrows). IFNγ is necessary for activating macrophages to be microbicidal and efficient in killing of intracellular bacteria. Created with BioRender.com.