Table 3.
Multivariable Analysis of Patient Outcomes by ICP Monitoring, Findings of Acute Edema, and the Need for Craniectomy
| |
Mean ICP mm Hg |
% ICP >20 mm Hg |
% ICP >25 mm Hg |
Acute edema |
Surgical decompression |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | p | B (95% CI) | p | B (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | Reference | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Female | -0.3 (-1.9, 1.3) | 0.703 | 0.1 (-5.6, 5.7) | 0.984 | -0.5 (-4.5, 3.6) | 0.825 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.678 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.018 |
| Age, years | 0.737 | 0.188 | ||||||||
| 16-25 | Reference | — | — | — | — | |||||
| 25-44 | -1.5 (-3.3, 0.2) | 0.076 | -3.8 (-9.7, 2.1) | 0.208 | -1.6 (-5.8, 2.6) | 0.460 | 0.9 (0.4, 1.8) | 0.721 | 1.5 (0.7, 3.3) | 0.274 |
| 45-64 | -3.7 (-5.6, -1.8) | <0.001 | -10.8 (-17.5, -4.1) | 0.002 | -4.5 (-9.3, 0.3) | 0.064 | 1.2 (0.5, 2.5) | 0.716 | 2.5 (1.1, 5.9) | 0.033 |
| 65-80 | -6.6 (-9.4, -3.9) | <0.001 | -19.0 (-28.3, -9.6) | <0.001 | -9.5 (-16.2, -2.8) | 0.006 | 0.7 (0.2, 2.1) | 0.513 | 2.3 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.151 |
| Admission GCS | ||||||||||
| 4-6 | Reference | — | — | — | — | |||||
| 7-8 | 0.2 (-1.1, 1.5) | 0.755 | 1.9 (-2.6, 6.5) | 0.404 | 0.3 (-3.0, 3.6) | 0.861 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 0.139 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.046 |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.061 | 0.011 | ||||||||
| MVA | Reference | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Fall | 3.1 (1.1, 5.1) | 0.002 | 13.0 (6.2, 19.8) | <0.001 | 9.1 (4.2, 14.0) | <0.001 | 1.9 (0.9, 4.3) | 0.117 | 2.8 (1.2, 6.2) | 0.013 |
| Motorcycle/ATV | 1.0 (-0.9, 3.0) | 0.288 | 6.5 (-0.2, 13.1) | 0.057 | 3.1 (-1.6, 7.9) | 0.195 | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) | 0.450 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.6) | 0.783 |
| Object/assault | 1.2 (-2.2, 4.6) | 0.498 | 8.0 (-3.7, 19.8) | 0.180 | 6.6 (-1.8, 15.1) | 0.122 | 4.7 (1.1, 19.5) | 0.034 | 3.8 (1.0, 14.5) | 0.051 |
| Other | 0.8 (-1.7, 3.4) | 0.516 | 3.1 (-5.8, 11.9) | 0.493 | 0.5 (-5.8, 6.8) | 0.878 | 1.9 (0.7, 5.2) | 0.217 | 4.1 (1.5, 11.6) | 0.007 |
| rs17759659 | 0.069 | 0.015 | ||||||||
| AA | Reference | — | — | — | — | |||||
| AG | 1.2 (-0.3, 2.6) | 0.111 | 3.5 (-1.4, 8.5) | 0.162 | 3.0 (-0.5, 6.6) | 0.095 | 1.8 (1.0, 3.2) | 0.064 | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 0.575 |
| GG | 2.7 (0.5, 4.9) | 0.015 | 10.0 (2.5, 17.4) | 0.009 | 5.0 (-0.3, 10.4) | 0.066 | 2.5 (1.0, 6.0) | 0.049 | 3.7 (1.5, 9.3) | 0.004 |
Bold represents significance assessed at p = 0.05.
ICP, intracranial pressure; B, mean increase or decrease; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; MVA, motor vehicle accident; ATV, all-terrain vehicle.