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. 2021 May;13(5):2728–2737. doi: 10.21037/jtd-20-3522

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2021 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Images of a chest phantom with two solid nodules inside the left lung. (A) PA radiograph with the marked findings of the AI based CAD system. A solid nodule in the left lung was correctly identified by the software (TP). Rib fracture and pleural effusion were FP findings. (B,C) Coronal CT images of the same chest phantom show the two nodules in the left lung. The smaller nodule was missed by the software. FP, false positive; TP, true positive; PA, posteroanterior; CAD, computer-aided-diagnostic.