Table 2.
Baseline Laboratory Markers by Sex
| All (n = 10,630), n (%) | Female (n = 4,290), n (40.4%) | Male (n = 6,340), n (59.6%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT, U/L | ||||
| Normal | 4,842 (45.6) | 1,956 (45.6) | 2,886 (45.5) | 0.004 |
| Mildly elevated (>1 to ≤4 × ULNa) | 5,161 (48.5) | 2,074 (48.3) | 3,087 (48.7) | |
| Moderately elevated (>4 to ≤10 × ULN) | 493 (4.6) | 185 (4.3) | 308 (4.9) | |
| Severely elevated (>10 × ULN) | 84 (0.8) | 48 (1.1) | 36 (0.6) | |
| Assay not performed | 50 (0.5) | 27 (0.6) | 23 (0.4) | |
| AST, U/L | ||||
| Normal | 4,276 (40.2) | 2,070 (48.3) | 2,206 (34.8) | <0.001 |
| Mildly elevated (>1 to ≤4 × ULNb) | 5,769 (54.3) | 2,031 (47.3) | 3,738 (59.0) | |
| Moderately elevated (>4 to ≤10 × ULN) | 446 (4.2) | 123 (2.9) | 323 (5.1) | |
| Severely elevated (>10 × ULN) | 89 (0.8) | 42 (1.0) | 47 (0.7) | |
| Assay not performed | 50 (0.5) | 24 (0.6) | 26 (0.4) | |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | ||||
| Normalc | 4,920 (46.3) | 1,946 (45.4) | 2,974 (46.9) | 0.27 |
| Elevated | 504 (4.7) | 199 (4.6) | 305 (4.8) | |
| Severely elevated | 1,256 (11.8) | 503 (11.7) | 753 (11.9) | |
| Unknown | 3,950 (37.2) | 1,642 (38.3) | 2,308 (36.4) | |
| CRP, mg/dL | ||||
| Normald | 128 (1.2) | 77 (1.8) | 51 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Elevated | 8,210 (77.2) | 3,208 (74.8) | 5,002 (78.9) | |
| Unknown | 2,292 (21.6) | 1,005 (23.4) | 1,287 (20.3) | |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | ||||
| Normale | 1,936 (18.2) | 1,186 (27.7) | 750 (11.8) | <0.001 |
| Elevated | 6,207 (58.4) | 2,038 (47.5) | 4,169 (65.8) | |
| Unknown | 2,487 (23.4) | 1,066 (24.9) | 1,421 (22.4) | |
| Troponinf | ||||
| Normal (≤1 × URLg) | 4,833 (45.5) | 1,966 (45.8) | 2,867 (45.2) | <0.001 |
| Mildly elevated (>1 to ≤3 × URL) | 1,136 (10.7) | 423 (9.9) | 713 (11.3) | |
| Severely elevated (>3 × URL) | 1,318 (12.4) | 468 (10.9) | 850 (13.4) | |
| Assay not performed | 3,343 (31.4) | 1,433 (33.4) | 1,910 (30.1) | |
a
ALT ULN = 25 U/L for women, and 35 U/L for men.
b
AST ULN = 40 U/L for both women and men.
c
D-dimer ULN = 230 ng/mL D-dimer units.
d
CRP ULN = 0.40 mg/dL.
e
Ferritin ULN = 400 ng/mL.
f
Troponin values included in analysis include Troponin I, Troponin T, and high sensitivity Troponin T.
g
Troponin URL as defined in Supplementary Table S1.
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CRP, C-reactive protein; ULN, upper limit of normal; URL, upper reference limit.