Table 3. Two-part model estimates showing the factors affecting multimorbidity in India, National Family Health Survey, 2015–16.
| Correlates | Respondent suffering with
multimorbidity (predictive probabilities ± S.E. (from logit model) |
Average number of morbidities
(predictive means ± S.E.) (from Poisson model) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | ||
| 15–19 ® | 0.0055 ***±0.0004 | 2.2999±0.0337 |
| 20–24 | 0.0078 ***±0.0004 | 2.2018 **±0.0219 |
| 25–29 | 0.0146 ***±0.0006 | 2.2019 ** ±0.0155 |
| 30–34 | 0.0244 ***±0.0008 | 2.1389 ***±0.0091 |
| 35–39 | 0.0392 ***±0.0010 | 2.1462 ***±0.0071 |
| 40–44 | 0.0575 ***±0.0011 | 2.1542 ***±0.0060 |
| 45–49 | 0.0781 ***±0.0020 | 2.1794 ***±0.0061 |
| Place of residence | ||
| Urban ® | 0.0201±0.0005 | 2.1614±0.0057 |
| Rural | 0.0192±0.0003 | 2.1730±0.0061 |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu ® | 0.0188±0.0003 | 2.1703±0.0043 |
| Muslim | 0.0235 ***±0.0007 | 2.1826±0.0084 |
| Others | 0.0206 *±0.0005 | 2.1445 ***±0.0086 |
| Social group | ||
| Scheduled Castes/
Tribes ® |
0.0194±0.0005 | 2.1673±0.0065 |
| Other Backward
Castes |
0.0188±0.0004 | 2.1644±0.0056 |
| Others | 0.0206±0.0005 | 2.1748±0.0059 |
| Level of education | ||
| No education ® | 0.0192±0.0004 | 2.1684±0.0061 |
| Primary | 0.0188±0.0004 | 2.1564±0.0074 |
| Secondary | 0.0200±0.0004 | 2.1685±0.0053 |
| Higher | 0.0163±0.0007 | 2.1944±0.0129 |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest ® | 0.0195±0.0006 | 2.1855±0.0114 |
| Poorer | 0.0215±0.0006 | 2.1725±0.0087 |
| Middle | 0.0200±0.0004 | 2.1661±0.0076 |
| Richer | 0.0212 ***±0.0005 | 2.1748±0.0069 |
| Richest | 0.0206 ***±0.0006 | 2.1547±0.0071 |
| Family status | ||
| Living without
spouse |
0.0189±0.00060 | 2.1640±0.0097 |
| Living with spouse ® | 0.0197±0.0004 | 2.1694±0.0036 |
| Parity | ||
| 0 ® | 0.0234±0.0008 | 2.1669±0.1265 |
| 1 | 0.0245 ***±0.0006 | 2.1571±0.0101 |
| 2 or more | 0.0336 ***±0.0004 | 2.1705±0.0039 |
|
Experienced
menopause |
||
| No | 0.0193±0.0003 | 2.1702±0.0034 |
| Yes | 0.0228 *±0.0008 | 2.1570±0.0092 |
|
Tobacco
consumption |
||
| No ® | 0.0192±0.0003 | 2.1678±0.0035 |
| Yes | 0.0251 ***±0.0009 | 2.1732±0.0084 |
|
Alcohol
consumption |
||
| No ® | 0.0194±0.0003 | 2.1687±0.0033 |
| Yes | 0.02282 ***±0.0008 | 2.1651±0.0191 |
|
Body mass index
(kg/m2) |
||
| Underweight ® | 0.01227±0.0004 | 2.1657±0.0127 |
| Normal | 0.0174 ***±0.0003 | 2.1657±0.0054 |
| Overweight | 0.0344 ***±0.0008 | 2.1587±0.0058 |
| Obese | 0.6345 ***±0.0019 | 2.1905±0.0073 |
| Diet type | ||
| Healthy ® | 0.0179±0.0003 | 2.1722±0.0050 |
| Unhealthy | 0.0211 ***±0.0004 | 2.1656±0.0044 |
| Total | 0.01945 ***±0.0003 | 2.1686±0.0032 |
| Goodness of fit
Statistics |
p-value #=0.29 | p-value @=0.99 |
Note. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ± value of predicted probabilities or means calculated as upper limit-lower limit of 95% confidence interval divided by 2. ® = reference.