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. 2021 May 18;17:1181–1312. doi: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Table 1.

Some of the most important synthetic fragrance materials [2,1112].

Name Tonnes per year Annuma £/kga Odour type

myrcene 30,000b 1 balsamic
pine oil/terpineol 30,000 1 pine
menthol 12,000 10 mint/coolant
linalool 10,000 4 floral/wood
citral 5,000 5 lemonc
dihydromyrcene 5,000b 1
geraniol 5,000 4 rose
(methyl)ionones 5,000 15 violet
dihydromyrcenol 4,000 4 citrus/floral
limonene 3,500 1 oranged,e
citronellol (299) 3,000 7 rose
isobornyl acetate (S,S,S-664) 2,000 1 pine
linalyl acetate 2,000 4 fruity/floral
tetrahydrolinalool 2,000 4 floral
carvone 1,500 10 spearmint
hydroxycitronellal 1,000 8 muguet
lyral (IFF) 1,000 12–23f floral
terpenylcyclohexanols 1,000 4–38f sandalwood
zenolide and analogues 1,300–4,300 60–250f musk
civetone and analogues 50–500 8–80f musk
cedrene derivatives 500 20 cedarwood
Amberlyn®/Ambrox®/Ambroxan® 50 500–750 ambergris
bangalol and analogues 30 30 sandalwood

aThese prices and volumes are estimated. bA substantial proportion of the total consumption is used for manufactured of other ingredients. cCitral has little use in fragrance. The tonnage is used for manufacturing ionones and methylionones. dThe material used is actually orange terpenes, which is about 80% limonene but the odour comes from minor components. eThis figure relates to the use of orange oil in perfumery. About 1,500 tonnes per annum (tpa) are used in the manufacture of carvone. The total production exceeds 50,000 tpa. fPrices are approximate values from Alibaba.com.